1. Citations

2. Why You need to document references to support your assertions.
Provide relevant background information
Lead audience through your thought process

3. Why Allows others to find your background material.
Help shape the work of others.
Provides validation for your line of thinking
And method of addressing your question.

4. APA format American Psychological Association.
Guidelines for formatting references
In text
In a Bibliography (Work Cited)

5. Commonly Referenced Sources
Primary Literature (Research Articles)
And Review Articles (in scientific Journals)
Monotomes
Textbooks
Subject Books
Electronic-Only Resources
eJournals (eMagazines)
eBooks
Blogs and articles

6. Citation Formats

7. Single Author Articles and Reviews
Author Last Name, First Initial. Year. Article title. Journal Title, Volume(issue*): Pages. DOI*.
Example: Grand, T.C Alternative forms of competition and predation dramatically affect habitat selection under foraging-predation-risk trade-offs. Behavioral Ecology. 13(2):
Italics
Bold
* If Available

8. Multiple Author Articles and Reviews
Author Last Name, First Initial., First initial, Last Name. Year. Article Title. Journal Title, Volume(issue*): Pages. DOI*. Example: Foster, S.A., J.A. Baker and M.A. Bell The Case for Conserving Three Spine Stickleback Populations: Protecting an Adaptive Radiation. Fisheries, 28(5):
Italics
Bold
* If Available

9. Author Names
Some people prefer to use Author’s first name in stead of initials.
Personal preference, either is fine by me.
Some Authors use first and middle initial.
However it is published, use it.
It is most important that your work cited be consistently formatted.

10. Author Sequence Authors should be listed in the sequence published.
Do not alphabetize
Secondary Authors formatting
Last Name, First Initial OR First Initial Last Name
Personal Preference, but BE CONSISTANT

11. Example
Darwin, C., A.R. Wallace On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 3: 46–50. 
Darwin, C., Wallace, A.R. 1858. On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 3: 46–50.

12. Year
Punctuation
Some Journals place the year in parentheses.
Others use a period
Foster, S.A., J.A. Baker and M.A. Bell The Case for Conserving Three Spine Stickleback Populations: Protecting an Adaptive Radiation. Fisheries, 28(5):
Foster, S.A., J.A. Baker and M.A. Bell. (2003) The Case for Conserving Three Spine Stickleback Populations: Protecting an Adaptive Radiation. Fisheries, 28(5):

13. Volumes & DOI Some journals produce issues within a volume
So you must include the issue information
Some Journals also provide an indexing number (DOI)
Digital Object Identification
Similar to ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
You are not required to include these in most cases.
Always check guidelines for publication.

14. Monotomes (Books) For citing the entire source
First author’s last name, First initial., Subsequent authors’ last name, First initial. Year of publication. Book Title (Editor’s last name, first initial.) Publisher, place of publication, pp: Inclusive page numbers (if applicable).
Example: Darwin, C The Origin of Species. (ed. Elliot, C.W.) P.F. Colier & Son, New York, NY.

15. Specific Chapters
First author’s last name, First initial., Subsequent authors’ last name, First initial. Year of publication. Chapter title. In Book Title (Editor’s last name, first initial.) Publisher, place of publication, pp: Inclusive page numbers.
Example: Foster, Susan A. and Bell, Michael A Evolutionary Inference: the value of viewing evolution through stickleback-tinted glasses. in the Evolutionary Biology of Threespine Stickleback (eds. Michael A. Bell & Susan A. Foster). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Pp

16. eJournals & eBooks
Typically treated similarly to print resources of the same format
Should include DOI, ISBN
Does not need to include how you accessed the source
Google Books
Amazon

17. JSTOR JSTOR claims you need to include JSTOR in the reference
As your method of accessing the source.
You are under no obligation to do this, UNLESS JSTOR was the original publisher.
Which they usually are not.

18. Electronic resources Be careful
Include as much information as possible
Tiny URL for very long web addresses
More than a single line of text
Date accessed
As info can change without evidence

19. Other electronic resources include:
Electronic News Articles
Broadcasts TV
Radio
Podcast
Blogs
Informational websites

20. Work Cited Should be in alphabetical order
By the 1st Authors last name
If multiple resources from the same first author, then use second authors last name
And so on.
If multiple sources with the same author put in publication order
Oldest first.

21. Work Cited
If same author(s) and publication year, then label a, b, c, etc. after the year
1992a, 1992b, etc.
Use the same notation for in-text citations with the same first author and year.

22. In-Text Citation
Attribute credit for specific ideas to the proper sources.
Paraphrase ideas, but still give credit
If a direct quote use “quotation marks”.
Do not use long quotes.
In-text citations are just as important as a proper Work Cited.

23. In-Text Citations Should include Author and Year published. Examples
Allows for quick reference in your Work Cited list
Examples
Single Author: (Grand, 2000)
Two Authors: (Foster & Bell, 1994)
Three or more Authors: (Foster et al., 2003)
Et alii (abbreviated Et al.)
Is Latin for “and others”, so italicize
Used in text to avoid long strings of names

24. In-Text Citations Do not use footnotes
Citations are place ‘in text’ after the information given
Typically at the end of sentences
Only placed mid-sentence if that specific information is attributed to that source.
Multi-source sentence.

25. Journal Databases Will give you proper APA citation format
Which can be copy & Pasted
Or imported to a reference manager.
E.g. Endnote

27. Endnote Resource Management is helpful. Allows your to:
Store article PDFs
Quickly add resources to work cited
And In-Text Citations
Keep track of papers you have cited
Format citations