1. Sociocultural Level of Analysis Revision
JEOPARDY
Sociocultural Level of Analysis Revision

2. The Sociocultural Level of Analysis
General Learning Outcomes
Culture
Compliance & conformity
Social Cognition
Group behaviour
200
400
600
800
1000
Bonus Question: 5000 pts

3. Topic 1: 200
Question:
What is one ethical consideration of Festinger’s famous Doomsday cult study?
Answer
Because he used a covert participation observation, deception and the lack of informed consent is a considerable issue.
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4. Topic 1: 400 Question: What is meant by a “dispositional factor?”
Answer
When a behaviour is the result of internal characteristics of an individual, rather than situational or environmental factors.
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5. Topic 1: 600
Question:
What makes the Stanford Prison study an experiment?
Answer
There was an IV – the role that was assigned -and the participants were randomly allocated to the position of guard or prisoner.
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6. Topic 1: 800 Question: What are two characteristics of an emic study?
Answer
The process is inductive – there is no hypothesis; relies on local knowledge rather than standardized tests; there is no goal of drawing universal conclusions about human behaviour, but to apply knowledge to help or explain a local community.
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7. Topic 1: 1000
Question:
What do we call an experiment that it is done in a naturalistic setting?
Answer
A field experiment. There are several of these in social psychology – including Piliavin’s study of helping behaviour on public transportation.
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8. Topic 2: 200
Question:
Which attribution error is often seen in collectivistic societies?
Answer
Modesty bias
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9. Topic 2: 400
Question:
What are three traits of an individualistic society?
Answer
Focus on achievement, independence and freedom. Need for privacy. Uniqueness is valued. Speaking someone’s mind is important. Self-actualization is a goal. Self-reliance is valued.
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10. Topic 2: 600
Question:
In Swedish culture there is no true hierarchy of power in the workplace. Everyone is seen to have the same value and status is not seen as important. Which cultural dimension would describe this culture?
Answer
Low power distance.
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11. Topic 2: 800
Question:
What happens when we attribute the trends we see in a cultural dimension to an individual from that culture.
Answer
We commit the ecological fallacy.
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12. Topic 2: 1000
Question:
What is one limitation of the research carried out by Hoefstede on cultural dimensions?
Answer
The research was done about attitudes toward the workplace, so it may not be generalizable; it may lead to stereotyping; there may have been research bias in the content analysis of the surveys; the results are correlational.
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13. Topic 3: 200
Question:
Which compliance technique makes a request that will be refused, only to follow it up with a less demanding request?
Answer
Door in the Face. For example, the study by Cialdini where he asked students to take a group of juvenile delinquents to the zoo.
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14. Topic 3: 400
Question:
Did Berry’s study of conformity use an etic or emic approach?
Answer
His team used the Asch paradigm which is a standardized Western approach to testing conformity. It is an etic approach – it assumes that this standardized procedure can be universally applied to test rates of conformity.
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15. Topic 3: 600
Question:
Milgram’s study is a study of obedience. However, there is also a compliance technique which was used. Which one?
Answer
Foot in the door. In addition, goal gradients were observed. The closer that the participants got to the highest voltage, the less likely they were to stop.
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16. Topic 3: 800
Question:
Sherif’s autokinetic effect study examined which type of conformity?
Answer
Informational social influence.
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17. Topic 3: 1000
Question:
Which factor was Abrams testing in his study of conformity?
Answer
Social identity. When the participants believed that the other participants (the confederates) were fellow psychology students, they conformed more than when they thought that they were history students.
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18. Topic 4: 200
Question:
When we assume that success is attributed to our own hard work, but failure is the result of external factors beyond our control, which attribution error are we making?
Answer
The Self-serving bias.
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19. Topic 4: 400
Question:
When one conforms to a negative stereotype about a group that s/he belongs to. This may result in underperformance.
Answer
Stereotype threat – for example, studies by Steele & Aronson.
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20. Topic 4: 600
Question:
According to Bandura, the reason we can learn through observation.
Answer
Vicarious reinforcement.
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21. Topic 4: 800
Question:
According to many studies of social identity, when does our in-group identity have the greatest effect on our behaviour?
Answer
When that identity is salient – that is, when we are made more conscious of our membership to that group.
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22. Topic 4: 1000
Question:
According to Allport & Postman’s (1947) famous study, how can stereotypes affect behaviour?
Answer
It can lead to memory distortion. Participants remembered that it was the black man who had the weapon, although it was the white man in the image.
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23. Topic 5: 200
Question:
What did Zimbardo conclude from his famous Stanford Prison Study?
Answer
That the behaviour of the guards and prisoners was the result of the power of situational factors, rather than dispositional factors.
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24. Topic 5: 400
Question:
Rogers & Frantz argued that stereotypes were the result of what factors?
Answer
Referential social influence - that is, identification with one’s in-group and conforming to social norms.
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25. Topic 5: 600
Question:
According to Asch’s debriefing, why did people conform in the study?
Answer
It was a combination of informational social influence (some said that they were not really sure) and normative social influence (they didn’t want to ruin the experiment or look bad in front of the group.)
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26. Topic 5: 800
Question:
What effect did group size have on Asch’s study?
Answer
The level of conformity increased as the number of confederates went from one to three. Above three confederates, there was no significant difference.
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27. Topic 5: 1000
Question:
What did Cialdini find was the effect of losing on sports fans’ behaviour?
Answer
They changed language coding. Instead of saying “we won!”, they said, “they lost.”
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28. Bonus Question: 5000 pts. Question:
When a study is biased toward the culture of the researcher.
Answer
The research is ethnocentric.
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