1. VHVI BASE OILS FROM FUELS HYDROCRACKER BOTTOMS
AIChE National Meeting
March 16, 1999

2. Contents o Current Market Needs o UCO Lube Process o Product Quality
o Applications of UCO Process Products

3. High Quality Base Oils o Low Volatility o Good Oxidation Stability
o Good Low Temperature Properties
o VI above 120

4. High Quality Base Oils Four Main Options for High Quality Base Oils
o PAOs (Poly Alpha Oleffins)
o Di-esters
o Wax Isomerized Base Oils
o Severely Hydro-Cracked Base oils

5. High Quality Base Oils Severely Hydrocracked Base Oils
o Classified as API Group 3
o The Most Cost Effective
o Provide the Best Overall Performance
in Products

6. The Yukong UCO Lube Process
Excess Distillates
VGO
Lights to
Refinery
Recycle Oil
Surge Drum
Lube
Heater
Products
Hydrogen
Unconverted Oil (UCO)
Hydrocracker
Reactors
Fractionator
Distillation
Intermediate
Storage
Catalytic
Dewaxing

7. The Yukong UCO Lube Process
Without Lube Production (Flows in BPSD)
35,000
[30,000 fresh feed
+ 5,000 recycle feed]
35,000
50,000
50,000
30,000
[Diesel and
lighter oils] R1 R2 F
VGO
15,000
20,000
UCO V1
5,000 AR VR

8. The Yukong UCO Lube Process
With Lube Production (Flows in BPSD)
35,000
50,000
35,000
[all fresh feed]
50,000
30,000
[Diesel and
lighter oils] R1 R2 F
15,000
5,000
20,000
UCO
10,000
15,000
100ND
or 80ND AR V1 V2
5,000
150ND VR

9. The Yukong UCO Lube Process Advantages
Hydrocracker fuels production unchanged
Produces high quality VHVI base stocks
Product quality independent of crude source
Low investment and operating costs

10. UCO Lube Process Product Quality
Typical Properties of YUBASE Oils
YU-3 YU-4 YU-6
40'C, cSt
cSt
Viscosity Index
Flash point, COC, 'C
Pour point, 'C
CCS cP <
Noack volatility, wt%
Sulfur content, ppm < < <5
Aromatics, wt%

11. UCO Lube Process Product Quality
Low Temperature Property :
CCS 150N Grades cP

12. UCO Lube Process Product Quality
Oxidation Performance :
RBOT(ASTM D2270) with 0.3wt% Phenolic A/O
min

13. UCO Lube Process Product Quality
Thermal Oxidation Performance :
PCT with 13.0wt% A3/B3 DI Additive, 10wt% VII mg

14. UCO Lube Process Product Quality
Volatility Property :
Noack Volatility (250'C, 1hr)
wt%

15. UCO Lube Process Product Quality
Summary :
o Excellent Oxidative and Thermal Stability
o Very Low Volatility
o Very Good Viscosity-Temperature Behavior and Low Temperature Properties
o Similar to PAO in General Performance
o No Toxicity

16. VHVI Base Oils Application
Principal Uses of VHVI Base Oils
Automotive Oils Industrial Oils Specialties
Gasoline Eng. oils Hydraulic fluids Heat transfers
Diesel Engine oils Turbine oils Electrical fluids
Gear oils Compressor oils Quenching oils
ATFs Vac pump oils Cutting oils
Tractor fluids Rolling oils Textile oils
Shock absorber oils Process oils
White oils

17. Applications of UCO Process Products
ACEA A3/B3, SAE 10W/40 PCMO
YUBASE PAO
DI Additive, wt%
VII, wt%
SR 150N, wt%
YUBASE 5, wt%
PAO
cSt
Viscosity Index
CCS cP < 3500
HTHS Vis., cP > 3.5
Noack Volatility, wt% < 13

18. Applications of UCO Process Products
ACEA A3/B3, SAE 10W/40 PCMO :
VW 1302 Engine Test
YUBASE PAO
Piston Demerits min
Viscosity Increase, % max
Piston Ring Wear, mg max
Crankshaft Bearing Wear, mg max
Camshaft Bearing Wear, mg max
Con. Rod Bearing Wear, mg max
Oil Consumption, g/kwh max
Piston Ring Sticking none none none

19. Applications of UCO Process Products
API CG-4/SH, SAE 10W-40 HDDO
YUBASE SR Base (15W-40)
DI Additive, wt%
VII (+PPD), wt%
SR 150N, wt%
SR 500N, wt%
YUBASE 6, wt%
cSt
Viscosity Index
CCS )'C, cP (-20) 3250(-15) < 3500
HTHS Vis., cP >2.9,>3.7
Noack Volatility, wt%

20. Applications of UCO Process Products
API CG-4/SH, SAE 10W/40 HDDO :
Caterpillar 1N Engine Test
YUBASE SR Base
Weighted Demerits No max
Top Groove Fill, % max
Top Land Heavy Carbon, % max
Brake Specific Oil Con.,g/kwk max
Piston Scuffing, %
Piston Ring Scuffing, %
Piston Liner Scuffing, %
Piston Ring Sticking none none none

21. Applications of UCO Process Products
API CG-4/SH, SAE 10W-40 HDDO :
Mack T-8 Engine Test
YUBASE SR Base
Vis. 3.8% max.
TGA Soot, cSt
Filter P, psi max.

22. Applications of UCO Process products
Summary :
VHVI Based Lubricants
o Replacement for PAOs :
More Cost Effective than PAOs in Achieving Synthetic Performance in European Top-Tier PCMO
o Useful in Severe Applications:
US type SAE 10W/40 HDDO and High Quality Specialties can be made with VHVI Base Oils like YUBASE
o Lower Additive Costs in Lubricants Applications