1. Responses & Adaptations

2. Transport Xylem - Water Transport
Root pressure, capillary action, & transpirations
Only moves up the plant
Phloem - Nutrient Transport
Sugar: leave or roots  stems  fruit
Moves in either direction

3. Growth Meristems: produces unspecialized cells
Stem and Root Tips
Along the edge of woody tissue
Growth in response to light, moisture, temperature, and gravity

4. Plant Hormones Auxins – cell elongation Cytokinins – cell division
Gibberellins – dramatic increase in size
Ethylene – fruits to ripen

5. Tropisms Gravitropism – response to graviety
Phototropism – response to light
Thigmotropism – response to touch

6. Other Responses Rapid Responses
Sensitive Plant – leaves fold in when touched
Venus’ Flytrap – snaps shut to trap insects

7. Nutritional Specialists
Carnivorous Plants – consume insects for nutrients
Parasites – extract water and nutrients directly from a host plant; Mistletoe
Epiphytes – grow directly on the bodies of other plants; not parasites; Spanish moss

8. Chemical Defenses Poisons: lethal to insects when eaten
Insect hormones: prevent insects from reproducing
Aspirin & Codeine
Nicotine: natural insecticide