2. Pesticides in Groundwater
16 pesticides found in 23 states (Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Pesticide Programs1, 1985)
46 pesticides found in 26 states (Pesticides in Groundwater Database, 1988 Interim1 Report EPA OPP)
16 pesticides found in survey of 1300 wells (EPA National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water Well, 1990)
Each pesticide sample analysis costs = $100
Each NO3-N sample analysis = $5.00  $15,000
1 attributed solely to normal agricultural practices

3. Analyzing for Chemicals in the Environment
Why?
1. Without reliable analytical information it is impossible to define the contamination of the given environment by chemicals.
2. Analytical techniques have improved dramatically over the past 20 years.

4. Factors to be Emphasized:
1. Sensitivity
How small a quantity of chemical can the method detect?
2. Selectivity
What range of compounds might respond in the particular analytical procedure?

5. When dealing with low concentrations, the analytical procedures become quite specialized.
Pesticides:
In soil: ppb
10 ppb
In water: ppb
NO3-N in soil or water: mg/l

6. Techniques for water analysis
Absorption spectrophotometry
Fluoresce measurements
Gas chromatography
Atomic absorption spectroscopy

7. Any Questions?
Contact EPA Calarasi?

8. Modern Large Animal Facility – Current Technologies in USA

9. Liquid Swine Manure Injection into a Corn Field in the USA

10. Corn Field Using 100% Nutrients from Liquid Swine Manure:
- best use of animal waste as a natural resource