1. Imperialism & Colonialism
Section 11-1 and 11-2
Imperialism & Colonialism

2. Types of Imperialism Methods of Management Direct Control
Paternalism – Europeans provide for local people but grant no rights
Assimilation – adaptation of local people to ruling culture
Indirect Control
Limited self-rule for local governments
Legislative body includes colonial & local officials

3. Africa before European Domination
Imperialism – when a larger more powerful country dominates political, economic, and social life of weaker countries
Africans controlled most of the trade in Africa
European nations were concentrated on the coast, the interior of Africa was not controlled by Europeans

4. Reasons for Imperialism
European nations needed raw materials
Europeans thought that they were superior to peoples (racism)
Social Darwinism led Europeans to believe that is was their right & duty to bring their culture and society to other parts of the World
Religion – missionaries wanted to spread Christianity

5. The Berlin Conference 1884 – 1885
Meeting in which the European powers agreed upon the division of Africa
Any nation could claim African nations as long as they notified the Europeans and could control the area
No Africans leaders were invited nor allowed at the conference

6. Effects of
European
Imperialism
in Africa

7. Factors Promoting Imperialism
Technological superiority (weapons, steam power, gas power & the maxim gun 1st automatic machine gun)
Steam engines allowed Europeans to explore & navigate African rivers
The drug quinine protected Europeans from malaria
The vast variety of cultures and language in Africa kept Africans from forming any sort of united front against Europeans

8. Types of Imperialism Forms of Control Colony Protectorate
Governed by a foreign power
Protectorate
Governs itself, but under outside control
Sphere of Influence
Outside power controls investments & trading
Economic Imperialism
Private business interests assert control

9. South Africa Three Groups Clash for Power Africans
Zulu nation, led by Shaka, fought the British
Zulu nation lost to British in 1887
Boers
Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600s
Also known as Afrikaners
British
Gained control of South Africa after the Berlin Conference
Winston Churchill gained fame during this time

10. Boer War Fought between the Boers and the British
Many Africans fought with the Boers
First example of “total war”
British win in 1910
Established the Union of South Africa (British Rule)

11. African Resistance Africans Confront Imperialism
Broad resistance, but Europeans have superior weapons
Unsuccessful Movements
Algeria fights the French for 50 years
German East Africa resistance results in 75,000 deaths
Successful Movements
Ethiopia under Emperor Menelik II
Plays Europeans against each other
Stockpiles modern weapons
Defeats Italy and remains independent

12. Legacy of Imperialism Negative Effects Positive Effects
Africans lose land and independence
Many lives are lost
Traditional cultures breakdown
Division of Africa creates problems that continue today
Positive Effects
Reduces local fighting
Sanitation improves
Hospitals and schools created
Technology brings economic growth