1. The United States Takes Hawaii
Aloha!
The United States Takes Hawaii

2. Appeal Americans stopped there on the way to China
Missionaries children and grandchildren planted sugar and sold to the U.S.
¾ of the island’s wealth
By 1900 foreigners outnumbered native Hawaiians 3 to 1
U.S. imported Hawaiian sugar duty free
McKinley Tarriff changes that

3. Pressure Builds U.S. builds Pearl Harbor
White business leaders pressure King to limit voting rights
Queen tries to change it back
American businessmen organize a revolution with the help of Marines
Sanford B. Dole put in charge
Cleveland wouldn’t annex, McKinley did

4. The Spanish-American War
4/20 – 8/12

5. Causes
Jingoism – an intense form of nationalism calling for an aggressive foreign policy

6. Cuban Revolt 10 year battle for independence
1895 rebels began sabotaging plantations
Spain sends the “Butcher” Valeriano Weyler & 100k troops
Cuban Revolt

7. Jose Marti I Cultivate a White Rose By Jose Marti
I cultivate a white rose In July as in January For the sincere friend Who gives me his hand frankly. And for the cruel person who tears out the heart with which I live, I cultivate neither nettles nor thorns: I cultivate a white rose.
Cultivo Una Rosa Blanca
Por Jose Marti
Cultivo una rosa blanca En julio como en enero, Para el amigo sincero Que me da su mano franca. Y para el cruel que me arranca El corazon con que vivo, Cardo ni ortiga cultivo, Cultivo una rosa blanca.

8. Yellow Journalism

9. De Lome Letter (1898)
Spanish diplomat criticizes McKinley

10. Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
Docked in the Havana harbor
Exploded without warning
260 Americans killed
Eventually concluded that it was an accident

11. McKinley’s War Message
“Put an end to the barbarities, bloodshed, starvation, and horrible miseries in Cuba”
Protect the lives and property of U.S. citizens living in Cuba
End “the very serious injury to the commerce, trade, and business of our people”
End “the constant menace to our peace” arising from the disorders in Cuba

12. Teller Amendment
Declared the United States had no intention of taking political control of Cuba and once peace was restored, the Cubans would control their own government

13. Fighting the War

14. The Philippines at Sea
Teddy Roosevelt (assistant secretary of the Navy) had already ordered a fleet to the Philippines
Commodore George Dewey opens fire in Manila Bay on 5/1
Spanish Navy shortly submitted

15. The Philippines on Land
U.S. allies with Filipino rebels
Captures Manila on August 13

16. Invasion of Cuba Ill-prepared volunteer force
Disease more a problem than fighting
5000 deaths from malaria, dysentery, and typhus
500 deaths in battle

17. Success Americans and Cubans both victorious in battle San Juan Hill
Rough Riders and Roosevelt
Lead charge, nearly die but African American unit saves them

18. Santiago Bay U.S. fleet dismantles the Spanish
Spain realizes they can’t fight a war without a Navy, asks for peace

19. Peace Controversy Paris – 12/10/98 Recognition of Cuban independence
U.S. acquisition of Puerto Rico and Guam
U.S acquisition of the Philippines for $20 million

20. The Philippine Question
To annex or not to annex?
Anti-imperialists felt it would deprive Filipinos of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
Imperialists win treaty vote 57-27

21. Twain:
“The Person Sitting in Darkness is almost sure to say: ‘There is something curious about this – curious and unaccountable. There must be two Americas: one that sets the captive free, and one that takes a once-captive's new freedom away from him, and picks a quarrel with him with nothing to found it on; then kills him to get his land.’“
I bring you the stately matron named Christendom, returning bedraggled, besmirched and dishonoured from pirate-raids in Kiao-Chou, Manchuria, South Africa and the Philippines, with her soul full of meanness, her pocket full of boodle and her mouth full of pious hypocrisies. Give her the soap and a towel, but hide the looking-glass."

22. Emilio Aguinaldo and the Philippine-American War
Emilio had fought with the U.S.
Now fought for independence
3 years of fighting, U.S. prevails
Death toll:
U.S. Military: 3,216
Filipino soldiers and civilians: 200,000 – 600,000

23. Insular (Island) Cases
Series of Supreme Court cases regarding rights of people in U.S. territories
Ruling: Constitutional rights NOT guaranteed, Congress could decide

24. Cuba and the Platt Amendment
U.S. troops had been in Cuba for 3 years
Troop Removal conditional on Platt Amendment in Constitution
Never sign a treaty that limited independence
Never build up excessive public debt
Permit the US to “protect” independence and keep law and order
Allow US naval bases in Cuba including Guantanamo Bay