1. Blood Topics Functions and Properties of Blood Components of Blood
Blood Cell Formation
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Hemostasis
Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion

2. White Blood Cells
White blood cells contribute to the body’s defense against pathogens.

3. White Blood Cells Nucleated Combat inflammation and infection
Granular or agranular

4. White Blood Cells Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils
Basophils

5. Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
White Blood Cells
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

6. Granular Leukocytes Neutrophils Prevalence 60-70% Structure
Multilobed nucleus
Fine pale lilac granules
Function
Phagocytosis
Bacterial destruction

7. Granular Leukocytes Eosinophils Prevalence 2-4% Structure
Bilobed nucleus
Large red-orange granules
Function
Diminish inflammation
Phagocytosis

8. Granular Leukocytes Basophils Prevalence 0.5-1% Structure
Bilobed nucleus
Large deep-blue granules
Function
Intensify inflammation

9. Agranular Leukocytes Lymphocytes Prevalence 20-25% Structure
Large dark-staining nucleus
No granules
Function
Mediate immune response
“Soldiers”

10. Agranular Leukocytes Monocytes Prevalence 3-8% Structure
Large kidney-shaped nucleus
No granules
Function
Phagocytosis

11. WBC Identification

12. WBC Identification

13. WBC Life Cycle RBM  lymphatic tissues Most WBCs are short-lived
5,000-10,000 WBCs per μL
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
WBCs emigrate from vessels

14. WBC Life Cycle Leukocytes + monocytes  never re-enter circulation
Lymphocytes  continually recirculate
~2% in blood

15. Blood Topics Functions and Properties of Blood Components of Blood
Blood Cell Formation
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Hemostasis
Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion

16. Platelets
Platelets are disc-shaped fragments of megakaryocytes that function in the clotting process.

17. Platelets Irregularly shaped cell fragments Vesicles but no organelles
150,000 – 400,000 per uL
1/3 stored in spleen
Promote hemostasis
Live about 10 days
Macrophages in spleen and liver

18. Platelet Formation
Formed from megakaryoctyes in red bone marrow

19. Blood Topics Functions and Properties of Blood Components of Blood
Blood Cell Formation
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Hemostasis
Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion

20. Hemostasis
Hemostasis is a series of carefully controlled responses that stop bleeding

21. Hemostasis Series of carefully controlled responses.
Three mechanisms contribute to hemostasis:
Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation
Blood clotting

22. Vascular Spasm Vessel reflexively vasoconstricts when damaged
Slows blood loss
Immediate, but not long lasting

23. Platelet Contents Clotting factors ADP, ATP Ca2+ and serotonin
Enzymes  thromboxane A2
Fibrin-stabilizing factor
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

24. Platelet Plug Formation
Three steps:
Platelet adhesion
Platelet release reaction
Platelet aggregation
Plug formation allows time for clotting and healing

25. Platelet Plug Formation

26. Platelet Plug Formation

27. Platelet Plug Formation

28. Platelet Plug Formation