1. Energy Nutrients, Minerals, and Vitamins

2. 5 Basic Classes of Nutrients
Water
Energy Nutrients
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins

3. Three Types of Energy Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Oils

4. Sources of Energy Nutrients
Grains
Corn, Oats, Wheat, Barley, Rye
Forages
Corn Silage, Straw, Pasture Grasses
Animal Fats
Molasses

5. Functions of Energy Nutrients
Provide Energy
Maintain body temperature
Muscle development
Growth
Development of fetus

6. Nutrient Deficiencies (general)
Slow growth
Delayed puberty
Decreased milk production
Weight Loss
Less resistance to diseases and parasites

7. Conditions for increased nutrition
Producing Milk
Pregnant
Working

8. CARBOHYDRATES: THE MOST IMPORTANT ENERGY NUTRIENT
Types of Carbohydrates
Sugars
Starches
Cellulose (especially important for ruminants)
Lignin

9. Provide energy for the cells Provides energy for muscle movement
Functions of carbs
Provide energy for the cells
Chemical reaction very much like burning
Provides energy for muscle movement
Heartbeat, Walking, Breathing
Produce heat to keep animal warm
Extra carbs are stored as fats

10. Simple carbs
Consist of sugars and starches
Supply immediate energy
Come from cereal grains

11. 2. Complex Carbs Complex carbs Known as fiber
Consist of cellulose and lignin
More difficult to digest than simple CHO’s
Fiber is found primarily and roughages such as hay and pasture plants.
Examples are alfalfa, brome grass, orchard grass, and bluegrass.

12. Dry weight- weight of a feed with the moisture content removed
Fiber content
Dry weight- weight of a feed with the moisture content removed
The dry weight of most grains and roughages ranges from 65-80% CHO
Mature roughages contain more fiber when harvested than those that are less mature
The mature plant is not easily digested
Ruminants can digest large amounts of fiber

13. Contain more carbon and hydrogen than do CHO’s
Fats and Oils
Contain more carbon and hydrogen than do CHO’s
Fats have 2.25 times the energy value of CHO’s
Fats are solid at room temperature, oils are liquid
Easily digested by animals

14. Energy nutrients are measured in calories

15. Kilocalorie (1,000 cal) states the heat content of feed.
Calorie definition
Unit of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree centigrade
From 14.5 to 15.5 degrees centigrade
Energy in feeds is expressed in the unit of measurement of the calorie.
Kilocalorie (1,000 cal) states the heat content of feed.

16. Review and Answer in your notes
What are the three types of energy nutrients?
Name 2 sources of energy nutrients
Name 2 functions of energy nutrients
What are 3 things that can happen if an animal doesn’t get enough energy nutrients?
What is the difference between complex carbs and simple carbs?
Why can cows digest fiber better than pigs?
Explain what a calorie measures