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Published byGerald Flynn Modified over 6 years ago
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Why did Industrial Revolution happen in Great Britain first?
How did changes in textile industry bring changes to other industries? How did changes in Transportation and Communication help speed and spread the Industrial Revolution?
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The Industrial Revolution
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Personal Response Illustrations Questions
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Started with changes in agricultural Enclosure movement in 1600s
Britain look for more food in 1800s Enclosure movement add land to big farmers and moved the small farmers to city Allow to experiment Jethro Tull = seed drill and horse drawn hoe Viscount Charles “Turnip” Townsend Crop rotation Jethro Wood iron plow with standard parts
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Farming leads to Industry
Britain the birthplace of Industrial Revolution 1. Factors of Production Land ,labor, capital 2. Colonies 3. Navy
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Many businesses effected by machines
Textiles Iron and Steel Transportation Communication
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Textiles 1st used domestic system John Kay = Flying shuttle
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Textiles James Hargreaves = Spinning Jenny
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Textiles Richard Arkwright = water frame
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Textiles Samuel Crompton = Spinning Mule = combo of Jenny and Water Frame
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Textiles Edmund Cartwright = Power loom Used water
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1784 Arkwright created a spinning mill which hired hundreds of workers.
They worked a set number of hours for a wage Beginning of the factory system
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Effects on Textile Industry
Make cotton clothe cheaper to produce Price goes down demand goes up 1761 England imported 4 million pounds of cotton 1815 England imported 100 million pounds of cotton Helped by Eli Whitney in 1793
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Steam Power Water first source Problems Next use steam
Limit factory location Limited power Next use steam 1st Thomas Newcomen James Watt
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Iron and Steel and others
Machines need iron Machines need Coal and Iron Britain has huge supplies of both Steam power = iron not strong enough Bessemer process = iron to steel Use gas to light cities Charles Goodyear = rubber production Oil becomes more important
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Transportation Roads = John McAdam Canals
George Stephenson = Locomotives Rocket 30 MPH Robert Fulton = Steamship Clermont 1838 Great Western crossed Atlantic ocean in 15 days Iron and steel ships replace wooden ones
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Communication Alessandro Volta = Battery
Andre Ampre = Electric Current and Magnetic effect Samuel Morse Morse Code Telegraph Cable across English Channel (1844) Cable from Europe to US (1866)
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Spreading France slow to accept IR = they are agriculture based
Germany slow at first by 1870 they are an equal with England US adopted ideas from all over to bring IR in US
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