1. III Appendicular Skeleton (D-G)

2. The Appendicular Skeleton
Upper and Lower Limbs (appendages)
Pectoral girdle (arms)
Pelvic girdle (legs)

3. D. Function of the Pelvic Girdle
1. Supports total weight of the upper body (rests on the pelvis)
2. Provides attachment for the lower limbs (legs)
3. Protects several organs
Reproductive organs
Urinary bladder
Part of the large intestine

4. E. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
1. Coxal bones (hip bones) - composed of three pair of fused bones
ilium
ischium
pubis (pubic bone)
2. Sacrum
3. Coccyx (tailbone)

5. The Pelvis
Figure 5.23a

6. The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone
Figure 5.23b

7. F. Gender Differences of the Pelvis
1. Female inlet is larger and more circular
2. Female pelvis is shallower and bones are lighter and thinner
3. Female ilia flare more laterally (wider pelvis)
Figure 5.23c

8. F. Gender Differences of the Pelvis
4. Female sacrum is shorter and less curved
5. Female ischial spines are shorter and farther apart (outlet is larger)
6. Female pubic arch is more rounded because angle of pubic arch is greater
Figure 5.23c

9. Bones of the Lower Limbs
The thigh has one bone
Femur – thigh bone
Figure 5.24a–b

10. Bones of the Lower Limbs
The leg has two bones
Tibia
Fibula
Figure 5.24c

11. G. Lower Limb bones (legs)
1. Femur – thigh bone
2. Patella – knee cap
3. Tibia – shin bone
4. Fibula – lower lateral leg bone

12. Bones of the Lower Limbs
The foot
Tarsus – ankle
Metatarsals – sole
Phalanges – toes
Figure 5.25

13. Arches of the Foot
Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches
Two longitudinal
One transverse
Figure 5.26

14. G. Lower Limb bones (legs)
5. Tarsals – ankle bones
Calcaneous – heel bone
Talus – supports weight
6. Metatarsals – foot bones
7. Phalanges – toes
Distal, middle, proximal phalanx