1. Foreign Policy Under FDR

2. Good-Neighbor Policy Improve relations in Western Hemisphere
Defensive move, $ Diplomacy out
Pan-American conferences
1933, pledged never again to interfere in Latin America
Submit disputes to arbitration
Mutual safety against aggression

3. Uruguay 1947 Nuclear threat Bombers deployed as show of strength
El Salvador Command operation, troops Advisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash; long-term result: 75,000 murdered and destruction of popular movement
Puerto Rico 1950 Command operation Independence rebellion crushed in Ponce
Guatemala 1954-? Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat CIA directs exile invasion and coup d'Etat after newly elected government nationalizes unused U.S.'s United Fruit Company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua; long-term result: 200,000 murdered
Nicaragua Command operation, naval CIA directs exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against revolution; result: 50,000 murdered
Honduras Troops Maneuvers help build bases near borders
Panama 1958 Troops Flag protests erupt into confrontation
Grenada Troops, bombing Invasion four years after revolution
Cuba 1961 Command operation CIA-directed exile invasion fails
Bolivia 1987 Troops Army assists raids on cocaine region
Cuba 1962 Nuclear threat, naval Blockade during missile crisis; near-war with Soviet Union
Panama 1989 Troops, bombing Nationalist government ousted by 27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, killed
Panama 1964 Troops Panamanians shot for urging canal's return
Haiti Troops, naval Blockade against military government; troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup
Dominican Republic Troops, bombing Marines land during election campaign
Venezuela 2002 Command operation Failed coup attempt to remove left-populist president Hugo Chavez
Guatemala Command operation Green Berets intervene against rebels
Chile 1973 Command operation CIA-backed coup ousts democratically elected Marxist president
Haiti Troops Removal of democratically elected President Aristide; troops occupy country

4. Good-Neighbor Policy Cuba Mexico Nullification of Platt Amendment
Still kept Guantanamo base
Mexico
President Cardenas seizes U.S. owned oil properties
Roosevelt rejects corporate calls for intervention

5. Economic Diplomacy London Economic Conference
Withdrew over currency proposals
Recognition of Soviet Union
Republicans had refused
Roosevelt did to increase trade
Philippines $
Independence in 1946
Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Lower tariffs if nations also reduced

6. Events Abroad Nationalism/Economic Hardships Italy Benito Mussolini
Fascist party
Fascism – People should glorify nation and race through aggressive shows of force
Marched on King in black shirts

7. Events Abroad Germany Nazi Party
Reaction to economic conditions after WWI
Lead by Adolf Hitler
Played upon anti-Semitism
Brown Shirts

8. Events Abroad Japan Economy worsened
Emperor persuaded to use force to gain supply of oil, tin, and iron
Invasion of China and Southeast Asia
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

9. Prelude to War Appeasement Ethiopia, 1935 Rhineland, 1936 China, 1937
Italians
US and League of Nations object
Conquered after a year
Rhineland, 1936
Defiance of Versailles Treaty by militarizing
China, 1937
U.S. gunboat sunk but Japan apologized
Sudetenland, 1938
Hitler wants land in Czechoslovakia
British PM Chamberlain encouraged by Roosevelt to settle

11. Prelude to War U.S. Response Isolationism was popular
“Quarantines” proposed
Negative response
Increased military/naval budgets by 60%+
Only for protection

12. American Isolationists
America leaned toward Nationalism
Never be drawn into a foreign war
World War I
Entry had been a mistake
Nye Committee
Participation in war was to serve bankers and arms manufacturers
Spanish Civil War
Franco (Fascist) vs. Loyalists
America did not aid, Franco established military dictatorship

13. American Isolationists
Neutrality Acts
1935 – authorized president to prohibit arms shipments and forbid travel to nations at war
1936 – Outlawed loans or credit to nations at war
1937 – Outlawed sale of weapons to either side in Spanish Civil War
America First Committee
Roosevelt seemed pro-British
Charles Lindbergh and others warned against getting involved in Europe again