1. Bell work!
Have you ever felt compelled to stand up for what you believe in, even if that may mean standing alone? What issue drove you to do this and why? Answer in your writer’s notebooks.

2. Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution

3. Important Terms
Totalitarian government- Government has total control (dictatorship)
Communism- Major sources of revenue (mines, factories, farms, etc.) are owned by the government and wealth is distributed equally among citizens

4. Mr. Jones Tsar Nicholas II (last emperor of Russia)
Irresponsible with his animals (forgets to feed them)
Sometimes cruel (beats them)
Sometimes kind (sometimes feeds them good food… when he remembers to feed them)
Poor leader
Cruel, sometimes brutal with opponents
Sometimes kind* (hired students as spies so they could make money)

5. Old Major Karl Marx/Lenin Taught animalism
Preaches “Animals do the work, farmers keep the money”
Dies before animal revolution
Taught communism
Preaches “Workers of the world unite and take over the government”
Dies before Russian revolution

6. Snowball Leon Trotsky Young, smart, good speaker, idealistic pig
Truly wants to make life better for all
One of the leaders of the Animal revolt
Chased away into exile by Napoleon’s dogs
Other leader of Russian rebolt
Truly wanted to make life better for all in Russia
Pure communist, followed Marx
Chased away by Lenin’s secret police

7. Napoleon Joseph Stalin Not a good speaker, not as clever as Snowball
Cruel, brutal, selfish, devious, corrupt
Cares about power, killed his opponents
Used dogs, moses, and Squealor to control animals
Not a good speaker, not educated like Trotsky
Corrupt, didn’t follow Marx’s ideas
Cared for power, killed all that opposed him
Used KGB (secret police), church, and propaganda to control people

8. Squealer Propaganda department of Lenin’s government
Big mouth, talks a lot
Convinces animals to believe in Napoleon
Changes and manipulates the commandments
Worked for Stalin to support his image
Used any lie to convince the people to follow Stalin
Benefitted from the fact that education was controlled

9. Moses the Raven Religion
Tells animals about Sugar Candy mountain (Heaven)
Animals can go there if they work hard
Snowball and Major were against him

10. Boxer The Working Class Dedicated and loyal
Quick to help, but not able to think independently
Trusts the pigs to make decisions for him
Backbone of society
Gets abused and taken advantage of
Trusts the government to have their best interests

11. Chapters 1 and 2 parallels
Old Major tells animals about animalism
Chapter 2
Old Major dies
Snowball and Napoleon overtake Mr. Jones.
Farm renamed to Animal Farm
Russian Revolution
Karl Marx publishes his ideas on communism
Marx dies
Trotsky and Lenin overtake Nicholas I
Russia renamed to USSR

12. Exit Slip
*Take out a piece of paper.
So far, who is your favorite character in Animal Farm and why? Who is your least favorite character in Animal Farm and why?