1. Academic style
Vs. Casual Style

2. There are many ways to dance
No rules…
Or with rules.
(giphy.com)

3. There are many ways to write
Vox.com

4. Higher-order and lower-order
purpose
organization
grammar
vocabulary

5. Vocabulary
Formal future tense
“light” verb + noun
Latin-origin word
He plans to engage in socialization with colleagues on Friday night.
He’s going to spend time with coworkers on Friday night.
He’s gonna hang out with coworkers Friday night.

6. characteristics of formal vocabulary
Latin/Greek
“drink”  “imbibe” “understand”  “comprehend” “make”  “create”
Verb  “light” verb + noun
“adjust”  “make adjustments” ”review”  “do a review”

7. Grammar
Formal synonym
Preposition before “which”
She preferred not to go to the same restaurant at which she had eaten previously.
She didn’t want to go to the same restaurant that she went to before.
She didn’t want to go the same restaurant she went to before.
Past perfect

8. characteristics of formal Grammar
Include all the missing words and letters
“think it’s cold”  “think that it is cold”
Fewer conjunctions and more conjunctive adverbs
“There are many stores, but many are closing.”  “There are many stores. However, many of them are closing.”
DON’T start sentences with conjunctions.

9. Organization
Intro
I have a problem. That problem’s name is Charlie. He is a dog who lives next door to us.
I could say he was friendly, but that would be an overstatement. Actually, he’s way TOO friendly. He always jumps on me when I walk by his yard.
His owner, on the other hand, is a jerk.
Why are there so many jerks in the world? I don’t know what makes some people like this, but there are some people walking around with serious chips on their shoulders.
Mmm… chips.
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10. Life in Irvine is usually pleasant
Life in Irvine is usually pleasant. Sometimes, things that are usually pleasant can be bad. Our neighbor’s dog is one of these. The dog next door is a problem for our community because he is loud, messy, and too friendly.
The first problem is that his voice is loud and he wakes people up at night. He barks at insects at night, and nobody can sleep.
He also makes a mess in his yard, which looks bad and is dangerous. Many neighbors have complained about the sight, and his owners sometimes trip on his toys.
Friendliness is usually positive, but this dog annoys everyone with his positive attitude. He thinks he can be friends with everyone, and jumps on people who get near his yard.
Living is difficult with a dog who is so noisy, makes such a mess, and tries to be friends with everyone. Even man’s best friend can be an enemy.
Organization
Intro
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11. Purpose Making friends with the reader Making an argument
Appealing to kindness Appealing to logic
Being objective Being subjective
Stating your point Implying your point
Letting the reader use common sense Leaving nothing to chance