1. INTRODUCTION TO VETERINARY ORTHOPAEDICS
AJADI R ADETOLA
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY

2. Orthopaedics: Definition
Ortho: straight
Paidios: child
Orthopaedics: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and management of diseases of the skeletal tissue, its articulation and the associated soft tissue structures

3. Musculoskeletal systems: components
Bone
Cartilage
Muscles
Tendon
Ligaments
Nerves and blood vessels

4. Musculoskeletal system: Functions
Protects delicate organs of the body
Allows for movement
Provides space for muscle attachment
Aids respiration
Assist in regulation of certain endocrine functions
Storage of some minerals and vitamins
Provides shape
Others

5. Musculoskeletal diseases: Causes
Trauma
Stress
Heredity
Endocrinal dysfunctions
Growth disturbances
Nutritional dysfunction
Neoplasia
Infection
Miscellaneous causes

6. Musculoskeletal diseases: Manifestations
Pain
Disuse of part
Swelling
Crepitation
Fever
Anorexia
Others

7. Musculoskeletal diseases: Diagnosis
History
Clinical signs
Radiography
Ultrasonography
MRI
Computed tomography
Radionuclide imaging
Electromyography
Histopathology
Biomarkers

8. Musculoskeletal diseases: Management
Relieve pain
Correct all soft tissue involvements
Restore skeletal functions if possible

9. Musculoskeletal diseases: Management
Analgesics
Exercise
Weight control
Physical therapy
Nutritional therapy
Acupuncture
Surgery
Others

10. Bone: Anatomy
Spongy /Cancellous bone: composed of thin intersecting lamellae, usually found internal to compact bone
Compact/cortical bone: bone that is dense and usually surrounds the marrow cavity

11. Bone: Anatomy Long bones Short bones Irregular bones Flat bones
Pneumatic bones

12. Long bones: Anatomy
Epiphysis
Physeal plate
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

14. Long bones: Blood supply
Metaphyseal artery
Nutrient artery
Periosteal artery

15. Long bones: Blood supply
There is no true capillary network
The ultimate vascular supply of the cortex are the canaliculi
The canaliculi convey nutrients to the osteocytes in a separate fluid compartment
Blood flow in the cortex in a series of Harvesian canal.
New intraosseous blood supply are derived from surrounding soft tissues.

16. Bone Development Endochondrial ossification
Intramembranous ossification