1. STATUS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAM IN INDONESIA
A.Y. Soetrisnanto, Suharno, H. Hastowo, S. Soentono
International Conference on Fifty Years of Nuclear Power - the Next Fifty Years
Moscow-Obninsk, 27 June – 2 July 2004
National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)
Republic of Indonesia
Tel: , Fax:

2. Energy Situation in Indonesia
The energy sector is of particular importance in the development of the Indonesian economy
Indonesia has considerable reserves of primary energy resources, even though not abundant
Indonesia’s population is be fourth largest in the world, while our energy reserves are small compared to the world’s energy reserves
Energy consumption is still low, ~ 500 kWh/cap (UNDP-HDI, 2002)
Actually, Indonesia will likely to change into oil importing country
Gas and Coal will be dominating the domestic energy mix in the future. However, it unquestionably will create some environmental problems.

3. Energy Reserve in Indonesia, 2002

4. National Energy Policy 2003 - 2020
Vision:
To secure the energy supply for national interest.
Mission:
To secure the continuity of domestic energy supply
To enhance the added value of energy sources
To manage the energy use ethically and sustainable in considering the preservation of environment
To make available the attainable energy for poor people and less develop region
To enhance the national capability for energy development.

5. National Energy Policy (con’t)
Main policy measures :
Intensification: to increase the available energy sources
Diversification: to reduce the dependence on certain fuel types
Conservation: to enhance the efficiency of energy.

6. National Energy Policy (con’t)
Additional supporting policy measures:
Development of energy infrastructure
Establishment of market mechanism
Protection of poor people to ensure energy accessibility
Preservation of environment
Establishment of partnership between government and private sector
Reinforcement the people to develop energy availability by themselves
Strengthening the research and development as well as training and education.

7. ENERGY MIX FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ENERGY USED: MIX, OPTIMAL, INTELIGENT, AND WISE
FOSSIL ENERGY
(hydrocarbon resources)
OIL
COAL
GAS
NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY
HYDRO,
Microhydro
Solar, Wind, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydrogen
NUCLEAR
ENVIRONMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
ENERGY SOURCES
SOCIAL-CULTURE
GEOPOLITIC
ECONOMY
NATURAL RESOURCES BASE
TECHNOLOGY BASE
LONG-TERM NATIONAL ENERGY PLANNING
(TECHNOLOGY MATURITY)

8. Total Energy Demand per Sector in Indonesia
1 PJ = BOE
1997
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Year
1000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000 PJ
Services
Household
Transportation
Industry

9. Analysis: Export-Import of Fossil Fuel 2000-2025 (PJ/a)
1 PJ = BOE

10. Electricity Projection in Indonesia
100
200
300
400
500
600
TWh
Base on gas and coal,
Total nuclear 6,08 GWe in 2025
100 GWe
biomass
geoth
hydro
sm_nuclear
md_nuclear
lg_nuclear
gas
diesel
f-oil
coal
Normal national growth in 2005: 5%
Average growth until 2025: 5,5–6%
NPP construction 5 year
Investment cost 1800 US$/kWe
Capacity factor 85%
29 GWe
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026

11. The Possibility used of Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is mentioned in the National Energy Policy 2003 – 2020 as a possible energy to be developed in Indonesia when it is more economic, proliferation resistance, and environmentally friendly.
The Introduction of NPP in Indonesia is not only to reach an optimum energy mix considering costs and environment, but also to relieve the pressure arising from increasing domestic demand for fossil energy.
The role of NPP is clearly to stabilize and secure the supply of electricity, conserve strategic fossil energy resources and protect the environment from harmful pollutants as a result of the massif use of fossil fuels.

12. NPP PROGRAM IN INDONESIA
Go Nuclear
2004
Energy
Planning
Muria-4
2020
NPP
2018
Madura-2
2019
Nuc-Des
New Site-1
2022
2023
Muria-3
Muria-1
2016
Muria-2
2017
Madura-1
New Site-2
2005
2025
2000
2015
2010
Bidding
Construction
2008
2014
2012

13. Electricity State Company
NPP ORGANIZATION
Investor
(Foreign / Local)
Financing = (100 - X - Y)%
GOVT/State Own Co.
Site Data
Financing = X%
Site Execution
Construction
Witnessing
O & M
BATAN
Data/Information
Technology
Consultancy
Man-Power
Training
Design/Technology
Financing = Y%
NPP-Co/IPP
Electricity State Company
Ministry of Energy
BAPETEN
Electricity Regulation
Certification
Nuclear Regulation
VENDOR

14. R & D activities on Nuclear Energy
Improvements in the performance, safety and environmental impacts of power generating plants are always in demand due to ever increasing quality requirements from the public and government. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary to undertake research and development in energy technology to achieve these desired improvements.
Research and development also are absolutely necessary for the operation, maintenance, improvement and development of human resources for NPP. Indonesia has made outstanding progress in the establishment and operation of Nuclear Science and Technology Bases during the last 40 years since 1964.

15. R & D activities on Nuclear Energy
Available facilities:
Three research reactors (100, 2,000 and 30,000 kW), hot laboratory, RI production
Fuel element lab, fuel fabrication facility (for MTR reactor), waste processing facilities, etc.

16. Research Reactor in Indonesia
Reactor Core
Research Reactor in Indonesia
G.A.S Reactor in Serpong (30 MW) - since 1987
Kartini Reactor in Yogyakarta (100 KW) - since 1979
Triga Mark Reactor in Bandung (2 MW) - since 1964
Control Room

17. CONCLUSION
The energy problem in Indonesia will cause the utilization of nuclear energy could not be avoided in the second decades of 21st century, and the first NPP will be planned to be in operation around 2016 for Java - Bali grid.
Some political, economical, social and technical efforts have been done to realize the introduction of the first NPP in Indonesia. But apparently some preparation studies, assessments, and specific works still needed to conclude the objective.
In spite of the complete, comprehensive and long-time preparation has been already made, actually two main driving forces i.e. public-political acceptance, and economic-financing scheme are still critical for the prospect of the first NPP introduction in Indonesia

18. Thank You for Your Attention