1. Major stages in making chemicals
A need for a chemical is identified.
A “pilot plant” is set up to find out the requirements for production.
Costs are considered and balanced with potential profit.
A proper chemical plant is built costing millions of pounds but creating a lot of jobs.

2. What can we make from acids and alkalis ?
Starter: sketch a pH scale and add on any information you know.
Weak and strong acids
Weak and strong alkalis
Neutral
Colour of universal indicator
Numbers

3. recall the characteristic reactions of acids
write word and symbol equations for the reactions of acids
H: write balanced symbol equations for the reactions of acids

4. What do you know about acids?

5. Acid Types Organic Mineral Citric acid (solid) Tartaric acid (solid)
Ethanoic acid (liquid, vinegar)
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water)

6. Alkalis – what do you know ?
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH)

7. Task
Complete the practical investigation.

8. Metals + acids Metal + acid  salt + hydrogen Acid Salt
Magnesium + hydrochloric acid  magnesium chloride +hydrogen
Acid
Salt
Hydrochloric acid
Metal chloride
Nitric acid
Metal nitrate
Sulfuric acid
Metal sulfate

9. Finish the equations in section 1

10. Acids and metal carbonates
Acid + metal carbonate  salt + carbon dioxide + water
Hydrochloric acid
Calcium carbonate
Calcium chloride
Carbon dioxide
Water
Acid
Salt
Hydrochloric acid
Metal chloride
Nitric acid
Metal nitrate
Sulfuric acid
Metal sulfate

11. Finish the equations in section 2

12. Acids and metal oxides or hydroxides
Acid + metal oxide  salt +water Acid + metal hydroxide (OH)  salt + water
Hydrochloric acid
Magnesium oxide
Magnesium chloride
Water
Acid
Salt
Hydrochloric acid
Metal chloride
Nitric acid
Metal nitrate
Sulfuric acid
Metal sulfate

13. Finish the equations in section 3

14. Balancing Equations

15. Plenary random