2. Bonds Ionic – Bond formed due to a difference in charge
Loss or gain of an electron
Usually forms between a metal and a nonmetal

3. Bonds Covalent – Bond formed from two atoms sharing an electron
Commonly found in “organic” compounds (with H, C, and O, among others)

4. Dmitri Mendeleev Order elements by atomic mass
Periodic Law – When the elements are arranged in order of increasing relative mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically
used pattern to predict properties of undiscovered elements

5. Periodic Table PatternH
nm H2O
a/b H2 Li
m Li2O b
7 LiH Be
m/nm BeO
a/b
9 BeH2
nm B2O3 a
11 ( BH3)n B
nm CO2 a
12 CH4 C
nm N2O5 a
14 NH3 N
nm O2
H2O O
nm OF2 HF F
left  right across a row (period) increasing atomic mass (not relative mass);
organized based on their activity and properties

6. Periodic Table PatternH
nm H2O
a/b H2 Li
m Li2O b
7 LiH Be
m/nm BeO
a/b
9 BeH2
nm B2O3 a
11 ( BH3)n B
nm CO2 a
12 CH4 C
nm N2O5 a
14 NH3 N
nm O2
H2O O
nm OF2 HF F Na
m Na2O b
23 NaH
m MgO b
24 MgH2 Mg
m Al2O3
a/b
27 (AlH3) Al
nm/m SiO2 a
28 SiH4 Si
nm P4O10 a
PH3 P
nm SO3 a
32 H2S S
nm Cl2O7 a
35.5 HCl Cl
up  down column; similar properties; how the elements react with H and O
some gaps were left in table for undiscovered elements; properties
of these elements were predicted.

7. PERIODIC TABLE
Non-metals
Metals
Metalloids

8. PROPERTIES OF METALS & NON-METALS
Mostly solid
Can be solid, liquid or gas
Have shiny appearance
Have dull appearance
Good conductors of heat & electricity
Poor conductors of heat & electricity
Malleable & ductile
Brittle (if solid)
Lose electrons
Gain or share electrons

9. Metals
Non-metals

10. METALLOIDS
Metalloids are elements that possess some properties of metals and some of non-metals.
The most important metalloids are silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) which are used extensively in computer chips.

11. Metalloids
Properties of Silicon
shiny
conducts electricity
brittle

12. PERIODIC TABLE Metallic character decreases going across a period.
Metallic character increases going down a group F
Least metallic element Cs Fr
Most metallic elements

13. PERIODIC TABLE Seven elements exist as diatomic molecules.
All others exist as monatomic (single atom).

14. PERIODS & GROUPS
The periodic table is composed of periods (rows) and groups or families (columns).
Elements in the same family have similar properties, and are commonly referred to by their traditional names.

15. PERIODS & GROUPS
Group 2 elements are called alkaline-earth metals. These metals are less reactive than alkali metals.
The group of metals in between the main group elements are called transition metals.
Halogens are the most reactive nonmetals, and occur in nature only as compounds.
Noble gases are un-reactive gases that are commonly used in light bulbs.
Elements in groups 1-2 and are referred to as main-group or representative groups.
Alkali metals are soft metals that are very reactive. They often react explosively with other elements.

16. Pick a group Name of Group Elements in the group Alkali metals
Properties of the elements in the group
Bonds usually formed
Reaction to fire
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Transition Metals
Metalloids
Halogens
Noble Gasses