1. Bellringer: Organize the minerals on your table into the groups that you think they belong

2. Mineral Groups Silicates Carbonates Oxides and Sulfides
These make up more than 90 percent of the minerals in Earth’s crust
Carbonates
Oxides and Sulfides

3. Silicates
A compound of silicon, oxygen, usually one or more other metallic elements
The basic building block is the silica tetrahedron

4. Why would this be? Quartz Chemical formula: SiO2
It is made up of a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall formula SiO2
*Min Book
Most sands consist mainly of grains of quartz
Why would this be?

5. Feldspars The feldspar family makes up about 60% of Earth’s crust
All feldspars have:
2 directions of cleavage
Hardness of 6
Pearly luster
The 2 major groups of feldspars are:
Orthoclase feldspar
Plagioclase feldspar

6. The 2 Feldspars Orthoclase Plagioclase
Potassium Feldspar
Color is light pink or salmon
Plagioclase
Sodium or Calcium Feldspar
Color ranges from white to gray
Examples include:
Albite
Labradorite
Feldspars are used in everyday products like glass and ceramics

7. Other Silicates Pyroxenes Micas Augite
Most common pyroxene
Is a Ferromagnesian silicate and is always dark in color
Micas
Most common are Biotite and Muscovite
Both have a hardness of 2.5 and 1 cleavage plane
Muscovite is silvery white color
Biotite is dark brown or black color

8. Other Silicates Cont. Amphiboles Olivines Kaolinites
Hornblende is the most common
Hardness of 5-6
Color ranges from dark green, brown, or black
Olivines
Color is olive-green
Kaolinites
Kaolin
Resembles clay
Color of white

9. Carbonates
A carbonate is a mineral made of negatively charged carbonate ions bonded to positive metal ions
Where have we heard of carbonates before and where can we find them around here?

10. Carbonates Cont. Calcite Also called calcium carbonate
Most common carbonate mineral
Color ranges from colorless to white
Hardness of 3
Breaks into flat sided rhombahedra
Also fizzes when diluted HCl is droppped on it

11. Carbonates Cont. Dolomite Also called magnesium carbonate
Like calcite it will also break into flat sided rhombahedra
Will not fizz or react strongly when HCl is dropped on it due to the magnesium in its chemical formula
Calcite = CaCO3 and Dolomite = CaMg(CO3)2

12. Oxides and Sulfides
An Oxide is a mineral consisting of a metal element combined with oxygen
A Sulfide is a mineral consisting of a metal element combined with a sulfur
Not as common as silicates or carbonates
They contain significant amounts of iron
Important economic resources

13. Oxides Hematite Magnetite Most common iron oxide Color is usually red
It can have a metallic luster
Always will streak reddish brown!!!
Magnetite
Color is usually black
Shiny to dull luster
Unique property = Its MAGNETIC

14. Sulfides Pyrite Most common sulfide mineral It is an iron sulfide
Chemical formula is FeS2
Color ranges from pale brass to golden yellow
Hardness of about 6
Also known as “Fool’s Gold”