1. Interactive Notebook (INB) Set-Up
First, number every single page front and back, starting with the very first page as #1. Number up to 140.
Put numbers on top outside corner, away from the spiral.
Even #
Odd #

2. Science Interactive Notebook Setup1
Glue Handout Titled:
Biology Interactive Notebook on the front page.
Cut it down to size.
Fill in name and period.

3. Tape in:
Pg. 1 Name Page-fill in the 3 blanks
Pg. 2 Top-10

4. Pg. 3 9. What does it mean when it says an enzyme is specific.
Catalysts Speed it Up
Define:
Activation Energy
Catalyst
Enzymes
Active site
Substrate
Catalysis
How do catalysts speed up a reaction?
Why is the spark a catalyst?
Why are catalysts important to the human body?
What do inhibitors do to reactions?
Why are inhibitors necessary?
Enzymes are(pick one) Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
How is an enzyme like a lock and key?
Pg. 3
9. What does it mean when it says an enzyme is specific.
10. Describe the 4 steps in the process of an enzyme working.
11. What is the substrate called after it is released from the enzyme?
12. What are 4 things that can affect enzyme activity?
13. Why does temperature “mess up” an enzyme?
14. What is the function of an activator?
15. What does pH measure?
16. How do inhibitors work?

5. In Pg. 4
What is an enzyme?

6. Do it again pg.4
What would happen without enzymes?

7. Notes Cornell Style Pg. 5 Notes – Cornell Style Questions in Red
Answer in blue, black or pencil
Summary – 5 sentences in Green

8. Title = Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules

9. What are the Chemical reactions of life
Processes of life
building molecules
synthesis
breaking down molecules
digestion + +

10. Nothing works without enzymes!
How important are enzymes?
all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work
building molecules
synthesis enzymes
breaking down molecules
digestive enzymes
enzymes speed up reactions
“catalysts”
enzyme +
enzyme
We can’t live without enzymes! +

11. What are Enzymes A protein catalyst
Enzymes are important proteins found in living things. An enzyme is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.
They speed metabolic reactions.

12. What are some Examples
synthesis
enzyme +
digestion
enzyme +

13. Why are Enzymes proteins?
Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction
each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job
enzymes are named for the reaction they help
sucrase breaks down sucrose
proteases breakdown proteins
lipases breakdown lipids
DNA polymerase builds DNA
Oh, I get it!
They end in -ase

14. Enzymes aren’t used up Enzymes are not changed by the reaction
used only temporarily
re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules
very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions
substrate
product
active site
enzyme

15. Why does shape matter! Lock & Key model
shape of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit
specific enzyme for each specific reaction

16. 2 1 3

17. What is some Enzyme vocabulary?
helper protein molecule
Substrate
molecule that enzymes work on
Products
what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction
Active site
part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into

18. What affects enzyme action
Correct protein structure
correct order of amino acids
why? enzyme has to be right shape
Temperature
pH (acids & bases)

19. What is the Order of amino acids?
Wrong order = wrong shape = can’t do its job!
folded protein
chain of amino acids
DNA
right shape!
folded protein
chain of amino acids
DNA
wrong shape!

20. Why is Temperature important?
Effect on rates of enzyme activity
Optimum temperature
greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate
human enzymes
35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C)
Raise temperature (boiling)
denature protein = unfold = lose shape
Lower temperature T°
molecules move slower
fewer collisions between enzyme & substrate

21. Temperature 37° human enzymes reaction rate temperature
What’s happening here?!
37°
reaction rate
temperature

22. Why is pH important Effect on rates of enzyme activity
changes in pH changes protein shape~ Denatures
most human enzymes = pH 6-8
depends on where in body
pepsin (stomach) = pH 3
trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8

23. pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 stomach pepsin intestines trypsin
What’s happening here?!
reaction rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

24. For enzymes… What matters?
SHAPE!

25. What is Enzyme structure
Active site
Substrates
Enzyme

26. What is the Lock and Key Model
Substrates
Product
Active site
Enzyme
Enzyme

27. How do Enzymes effect chemical reactions
Enzymes provide a “work place” for reactions to occur.

28. How many products are made?
sucrose
glucose + fructose

29. Summary
Green ink
5 sentences

30. Do it again pg. 4
Explain the lock and key model of the enzyme substrate complex.

31. Out Pg. 4
Draw the diagram
Label the enzyme, active site and substrates.
Highlight your labels.

32. In Pg. 6
What is the job of an enzyme?

33. Do it now pg. 6 – this is review so it is long ;-(
What is a hypothesis? What is the dependent and independent variable and were do they get placed in the chart and on the graph?
This was review of the first quarter – you know these answers…….

34. Lab Pg. 7 Toothpickase
Staple tape or glue the lab as a flap – so I can see both sides to page 7, after it is finished.
If you are lazy and leave it laying in the lab area I will instruct my aides and students to throw it away.
Lab is worth 300 pts.

36. In Pg. 10
What did Rosiland Franklin do?

37. Do it Now Pg. 10
What is X-Ray diffraction?

38. Title Page 1. Write the topic for the unit in the middle of the paper and box it in. 2. Divide the paper into 3 equal sections. 3. Put a subtopic/key word in each section. 4. Add an appropriate picture to each section(no stick figures). 5. Each section must have 3 different colors(black and white don’t count). Don’t use the same 3 colors for 2 different sections.
DNA History 11
Use Ch 11 in the textbook
Pg. 286
Unit 1: DNA and RNA
DNA STRUCTURE
RNA Structure and Function

39. Do it again Pg. 10
Who are three Scientists who took part in the history of the DNA Molecule?

40. Out Pg. 10
Draw a picture of DNA

41. In Pg. 14
What did Fredrick Griffith Experiment on?

42. Do it Now Pg. 14 Write this out and fill in the blank:
Fredrick Griffith found the ___________ Factor but did not know what it was.

43. Cornell Notes-Ch 11
DNA and RNA
Pg. 15

44. What are monomers and polymers?
Monomers=small molecules.
Polymers=large molecules made of monomers bonded together.

45. What are Nucleic Acids? A type of polymer. 2 types—DNA and RNA
Made of monomers called nucleotides.
Nucleotide has 3 parts:
Phosphate group
Sugar
Nitrogenous base
Nucleotides bond together to make long molecules of DNA or RNA.

46. What is DNA’s purpose?
DNA contains all the genetic information for the organism.
It determines the traits an organism will have.
It does this by coding for the proteins that an organism makes.
That’s all it does----it’s a blue print for proteins

47. So why are proteins so important?
Remember—Enzymes are proteins that are biological catalysts.
They control every chemical reaction in living things.
DNA controls what enzymes are made, therefore it controls the chemical reactions that make every substance in a living thing.
Not all proteins are enzymes
Some are structural, meaning they build our bodies.
Keretin (the protein that makes up hair and nails), muscle tissue, hemoglobin(Carries oxygen in red blood cells)

48. Where is DNA?
DNA is located in the nucleus of cells.
Draw this

49. What is the structure of DNA?
A nucleotide of DNA consists of:
Phosphate group
Deoxribose sugar
1 of 4 nitrogenous bases
Adenine(A)
Guanine(G)
Cytosine(C)
Thymine(T)

50. What is the DNA molecule?
Double helix (twisted ladder)
2 strands of sugar/phosphate backbones connected by a pair of bases.
Bases are held together by bonds.
Base Pairing Rule=says that complementary bases will always pair together in a DNA molecule.
Complementary base pairs
A-T
C-G

51. RNA A nucleic acid Made in nucleolus Differences from DNA:
Ribose sugar
Single stranded
Uracil(U)-replaces Thymine(T)
Shorter than DNA
Types:
mRNA-messenger RNA
rRNA-ribosomal RNA
tRNA-transfer RNA
RNA
Ribose Sugar

52. Summary in Green
Summary is 5 sentences in Green

53. Thru 2:pg 3 column vocab Pg. 12
Monomer
Polymer
Nucleotide
Nitrogenous base
Transcription
Translation
7. Codon
8. Nucleus
9. Ribosome
10. Amino acid
11. Protein
12. Enzyme

54. Do it again Pg. 14
What are the matching amino acid pairs in DNA?

55. Out Pg. 14 Fill in the blanks below with the terms DNA or nucleotide.
A molecule of _________ is a polymer made up of monomers called ___________.

56. In pg. 16
What does DNA Look like?

57. Do it now pg. 16
What is DNA made of?

58. Thru 1: pg 17 Strawberry DNA Lab
Follow the directions on the sheet at your lab station and then answer the analysis questions.
Draw what the DNA looked like:
Describe in words what the DNA looked like:
A person cannot see a single cotton thread 100 feet away, but if you wound thousands of threads together into a rope, it would be visible much further away. How is this like the DNA you saw today?(hint: was it a single thread or many) Explain.
Is there DNA in the food you eat? Explain why.
Why might it be important for scientists to be able to extract DNA from cells? Give 2 reasons.

59. Do it again pg. 16 Where are each of the following found: Sugar Base
Phosphate
See Book Pg. 282 – 287 for answers

60. Out Pg. 16 Describe the structure of a DNA molecule. Use the words:
double helix
phosphate
deoxyribose sugar
complementary base pairs

61. Thurs. 2/4 and Fri. 2/5

62. In: pg. 18 Use the reading to fill in 8 facts about proteins.

63. A protein is a large polymer consisting of the elements carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. The monomers of proteins are called amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids. These building blocks in various combinations make thousands of different kinds of proteins. Amino acids are linked together to form a protein by a bond called a peptide bond. A chain of amino acids bonded together is often called a polypeptide. Most proteins are made up of multiple polypeptide chains.

64. Proteins come in a large variety of shapes and sizes
Proteins come in a large variety of shapes and sizes. The number and sequence of amino acids that make up a protein are important in determining its shape. For example, some amino acids have a negative charge that is attracted to a positive charge on another amino acid in the chain, causing a fold in the protein. The protein chain twists and turns as the amino acids interact. The ultimate 3 dimensional shape of the protein is extremely important to the function of the protein. If the sequence of amino acids in the protein were to change, the protein might fold differently and not be able to carry out its function.

66. Thru 1: Pg 19 Movie Clip: Amoeba Sisters
Watch the 2 clips and complete the activity on the sheet.
zX1k8M

68. Thru 2 Protein Synthesis Worksheet Pg. 21 Pg. 20 Analysis questions:
Where does transcription happen?
Where does translation happen?
What is the role of each of these in protein synthesis?
3. Ribosome
4. DNA
M RNA
T RNA

69. Out
If a strand of M RNA is 330 bases long(not counting the stop codon), how long will the protein made from it be?
330 bases=_____ amino acids

70. Mon. 2/8 and Tues. 2/9 Quiz #2 today-get out paper and your INB.
Study Guide due next class.
Test and INB check NEXT CLASS.

72. In: pg. 22
Using a double bubble map, compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Similarities
Differences
Differences 72

73. Protein Synthesis DNA→mRNA→Protein 2 parts:
Transcription: DNA is copied by mRNA
Happens in the nucleus
Translation: mRNA is copied into a protein
Happens in the cytoplasm at the ribosome.

75. Thru 1: 23
Virtual Lab: visit the website, do the virtual lab and complete the sheet. Make sure you go through the lab 2x to do 2 different proteins.

76. A B Out What process does this diagram show?
Use step A or step B to answer the next 2 questions.
2. Which represents transcription?
3. Which represents translation? A B

77. In: pg 20
What amino acid sequence would translation of the mRNA with the sequence AUGCAAGGAGCAUCC produce?