1. Animal Farm versus The Russian Revolution

2. “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it.”
 Joseph Goebbels—Hitler’s Propaganda Minister

3. What is irony?
IRONY is a literary device in which there is a deliberate difference between what is
said versus what is meant
an understanding or expectation of reality and what actually happens

4. What is satire?
SATIRE is a literary technique that is similar to irony, but it is extended throughout the entire work
The purpose of satire is to send a powerful, critical message about a social issue

5. Allegory
Deliberate, symbolic, representation of abstract principles by characters or figures.

6. Fable story in which animals speak and act like humans
expresses a human failing or weakness

7. Pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair Famous British writer/social critic
George Orwell
Pseudonym of Eric Arthur Blair
Famous British writer/social critic

8. Worked with the poor
Felt that authority could be vicious
In 1936, he fought against Fascism and totalitarianism.
Realized the danger of the control of thought through language.
He found that human liberty was being threatened.

9. His major concerns: totalitarianism, the corruption of power, and the demise of human nature.

10. Animal Farm On a farm somewhere in England
Farm animals used to represent famous leaders in World War II/post-World War II history

11. A dictatorship cannot manage effectively and justly as a successful nation
Without opposition, justice will never be served
Animal Farm sheds light on the confusion and hope during the Russian Revolution

12. Russian Society The people lived in extreme poverty
The people in power lived in luxury.
The people were tremendously upset.
Property owning class=
bourgeoisie

13. Cruel/brutal to opponents Hired students as spies
Czar Nicholas II
A poor leader at best
Cruel/brutal to opponents
Hired students as spies

14. Believed he was appointed by God.
Nicholas II
Believed he was appointed by God.
Murdered innocents (i.e., 1905 food riot in St. Petersburg)

15. Karl Marx Believed ownership of land should be abolished
Believed in a “communal” way of life where everyone shares in prosperity

16. Karl Marx

17. Believed society should become “classless”
Marx (cont.)
Invented Communism
Believed society should become “classless”
Dies before Russian Revolution

18. Government owns everything
Communism
All people equal
Government owns everything

19. Vladimir Lenin Adopted Marx’s ideas
Believed that the bourgeoisie (middle class) exploited the workers and must therefore be overthrown.

20. Vladimir Lenin

21. Lenin (cont.)
Understood the emotional impact of simple, powerful slogans
“Workers of the world unite”
When Lenin died, there was a power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin.

22. Lenin Dies
When Lenin died, there was a power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin.

23. Believed in “pure” communism Followed Marx
Leon Trotsky
Believed in “pure” communism
Followed Marx
Wanted to improve life for all in Russia

24. Leon Trotsky

25. Trotsky (cont.) Brilliant speaker Worked with Lenin
Succeeded in overthrowing the government
Stalin’s KGB (secret police) chased him away

26. Civil War Broke Out

27. Craved power—willing to kill for it
Joseph Stalin
Craved power—willing to kill for it
Used KGB, allowed church, and propagandized

28. Joseph Stalin

29. Average speaker, not educated like Trotsky
Stalin (cont.)
Average speaker, not educated like Trotsky
Didn't exactly follow Marx's ideas

30. Stalin continually opposed Trotsky

31. Propaganda Department of Stalin’s government
Worked for Stalin to support his image
Lied to convince the people to follow Stalin

32. Benefited from the fact that education was controlled
Stalin (cont.)
Benefited from the fact that education was controlled

33. Stalin takes Control
Kicked Trotsky out in 1929
Stalin used the exiled Trotsky for his scapegoat

34. Orwell’s Conclusion
Theme democracy needs a good memory and good education to resist those who would forcefully rule
Implies Snowball would have been eventually corrupted as well
Power corrupts
Revolution often leads to ideas being corrupted Old Major
Used fable to disguise his book

35. Terminology Idealism = belief in noble principals (Old Major)
Totalitarian = complete government control
Proletariat = Marx felt this group had nothing to sell except labor
Bourgeoisie = property owning class; capitalistic in nature
Taciturn = inclined to silence (Benjamin)

36. Relationships/Comparisons
Marx-Lenin--- Old Major
Czar Nicholas Famer Jones
Germany ---- Pinchfield Fredrick
Trotsky------ Snowball
Stalin  Napoleon

37. Relationships/Comparisons (cont.)
Teheran Conference The card game
Propaganda Agent- Squealer
Russian Revolution The Rebellion
Mr. Whymper--- The broker

38. In Summary
We learn this book to remind us of the forms of government that don’t work.
Too much power corrupts
Education is power
The overall concept of capitalism works and allows people to control their own lives.