1. The Establishment of the Modern State of Israel

2. Ancient History of Israel
2166 B.C. Covenant with Abraham
1446 B.C. Israel becomes a nation
B.C. Babylonian captivity
B.C. Persian period
B.C. Hellenistic period
65 B.C.-70 A.D. Roman period
70 A.D. Destruction of Solomon's temple and diaspora

3. The Dreyfus Case, 1894
Capt. Alfred Dreyfus
Emile Zola

4. Zionism
GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people in its ancestral homeland of Palestine.
Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.
Theodore Herzl

5. First Zionist Conference, 1897
Herzl writes Der Judenstaat, or The Jewish State in 1896.
Met in Basel, Switzerland.
Creates the First Zionist Congress.
Becomes an international Jewish organization.
“Next Year in Jerusalem!”

6. The Ottoman Empire in WW1

7. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Main Players in WW1
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

8. The Middle East in 1914

9. “Lawrence of Arabia,” The Legend Begins
T. E. Lawrence [ ]
“Lawrence of Arabia,” The Legend Begins

10. Hussein-McMahon Letters, 1915 Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca
....Britain is prepared to recognize and uphold the independence of the Arabs in all regions lying within the frontiers proposed by the Sharif of Mecca....
Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca

11. The Arab Revolt:

12. Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

13. British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917
His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine…
Sir Arthur James Balfour Br. Foreign Secretary

14. Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918
Arab Disappointment!

15. The League of Nations Mandates

16. “New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge!
Prince Faisal  “ruler” of Trans-Jordan.
Prince Abdullah  “ruler” of a newly-created Iraq [pasted together from three distinct geographic regions].
The House of Saud  put on the throne of the newly-created Saudi Arabia.
The Pahlavi Family  put on the throne of a new Iran.
Mustafa Kemal  leads a military/nationalist movement in Turkey.

17. The Middle East Between the Wars

18. The
British in
Palestine
( )

19. British Mandate in Palestine Created July, 1922

20. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920
In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine.
By 1947, the ratio was 1 Jew to every 2 Arabs in Palestine.
The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

21. IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”]
1929 Arab Riots
IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”]
Jewish
1919
1,806
1920
8,223
1921
8,294
1922
8,685
1923
8,175
1924
13,892
1925
34,386
1926
13,855
1927
3,034
1928
2,178
1929
5,249
1930
4,944
Immigration
1931
4,075
1932
12,533
1933
37,337
1934
45,267
1935
66,472
1936
29,595
1937
10,629
1938
14,675
1939
31,195
1940
10,643
1941
4,592

22. Demographic Evolution of Palestine 1850-1947
•1850 Census: 600,000 (30,000 Jews, 6%)
•1922 Census: 757,182 (83,794 Jews, 11%)
•1931 Census: 1,035,821 (174,000 Jews, 16%)
•1947 Census: 1,908, 775 (589,341 Jews, 31%)

23. Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System
First one founded in 1908.
Communal living.
“Make the Desert Bloom!”

24. The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.
Palestine Arab Revolt:
Their Goals:
An end to Jewish immigration to Palestine.
An end to the transfer of lands to Jewish owners.
A new “general representative government.”
The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

25. The Peel Commission Partition Plan, 1937

26. British White Paper of 1939
Limited Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,000 over the next five years.
It ended Jewish land purchases.
Independence for Palestine within 10 years.
It is NOT British policy that Palestine become a Jewish state.

27. Hitler’s “Final Solution”
The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

28. Nazi Concentration & Extermination Camps

29. Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

30. Aliyah Bet
Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine.
The Exodus, 1947.

31. British “Detention” Camps in Cyprus : 1946-1948

32. Jewish “Freedom Fighters” (or “Terrorists”?)
Irgun Zvai Leumi [Natl. Military Org.]
Avraham Stern & The Stern Gang

34. King David Hotel Jerusalem, June 1946

35. U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

36. Truman Opts for Partition Over Objections of Departments of State and Defense
“I'm sorry, gentlemen, but I have to answer to hundreds of thousands who are anxious for the success of Zionism: I do not have hundreds of thousands of Arabs among my constituents."
--Harry S. Truman

37. Truman’s Personal Note

38. Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948
Chaim Weizmann, 1st President
David Ben-Gurion, 1st Prime Minister

39. War Begins!: May 15, 1948

40. The Palestinian Diaspora begins!
Arab Refugees, 1948
The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

41. Armistice Signed, 1949

42. Evolution of Israel Through the Ages

43. Israel Today