1. Terms related to social stratification:
Race
Ethnicity
Minority and Majority groups
Prejudice
Stereotypes
Racism
Discrimination

2. Race
19th century categories based on skin color, hair texture and eye shape
Caucasian (light skin, fine hair)
Negroid (darker skin, coarse or curly hair)
Mongoloid (yellow or brown skin, eye shape)

4. Racial Categories 1890 Census 2000 Census White Black Mulatto Quadroon
Octoroon
Indian
Chinese
Japanese
2000 Census
White
Black or African American
American Indian
Alaska Native
Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Asian Indian, Vietnamese
Native Hawaiian
Guamanian
Samoan
Asian or Pacific Islander
Other

5. Race Sociological definition
Category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real (skin color) or alleged (amount of muscle fiber) physical differences

6. Ethnicity
A collection of people distinguished, by others or by themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics

7. Afghanistan Iran Egypt Afghani Iranian Egyptian Pashtun (42%) Tajik
Hazara
Uzbek
Aimak
Turkmen
Baloch
Persian (51%)
Azeri
Gilaki & Mazandarani
Kurd
Arab
Lur
Arab (90%)

8. Social Significance of race and ethnicity:
The way people act in regard to these terms affects other people’s lives
Their opportunities
How they are treated
How long they live

9. Minority and Majority Groups
Majority group – advantages and has superior resources and rights in a society
Called dominant group by sociologists
Minority group – members are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment and regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination
Called subordinate group by sociologists

10. Prejudice
A negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of selected racial and ethnic groups

11. Stereotypes
Overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories
Asians excel in school because individual performance reflects strongly on the entire family

12. Racism
A set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group
Belief that African Americans make good football running backs because they were bred during slavery to have big, strong thighs

13. Discrimination
Involves actions or practices of dominant group members that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group
Derogatory labels/names
Violence against individuals and groups
Quarterbacks and kickers are predominantly white (90% in 1990)