1. Body Systems

2. State Standard
2) Review the definition of anatomy and physiology (A&P) from previous courses, identifying the sections, planes, and regions with associated organs in each. In the review, explain using correct medical terminology why the body is organized into systems and how the cellular building blocks (atoms, molecules, cells, and tissue) work together to form each of the organs.

3. Objective Students will be able to…
Explain the organization of the body from cells through organ systems through creation of a venn diagram.
Name the 11 body systems and their function through creation of a body system model.

4. Organization of Your body
There are five levels of organization in the human body, this is called a Hierarchy.
1. Atoms and molecules
2. Cells
3. Tissues
4. Organs
5. Organ systems
Human are composed of 210 different cell types

6. Organization of the Body
Organs: are combinations of different tissues that form a structural and functional unit.
Any organ that is essential to life is called a vital organ.
Examples.
Heart
Liver
Lungs
Discussion:
Which organs can you live without? How might this impact how the body works?

7. Organization of the Body
Organ systems are groups of organs that cooperate to perform the major activities of the body.
There are 11 main body systems in the human body.
Each body system is responsible for specific functions within the body
Also all work together to maintain HOMEOSTASIS

8. What is Homeostasis?
Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism or environment to maintain stability in spite of changes. The human body is full of examples of homeostasis.
All organs and organ systems work together to maintain a stable environment

9. Example of Homeostasis

10. Integumentary system
Job:  body’s outer covering and forms a barrier to protect the body from chemicals, disease, UV light, and physical damage. Hair and nails extend from the skin to reinforce the skin and protect it
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.
The average person’s skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20 square feet.

11. I. Circulatory system A. JOB: body’s transport system
B. Blood contains red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
C. Heart contracts and relaxes about
70 times/min.
D. Blood vessels: From one human adult, end to end, would wrap the world
2.5 times (about 60,000 miles)
1. Arteries carry blood from heart to body
2. Veins carry blood from body to heart
3. Capillaries are where exchange of nutrients, waste, and oxygen occurs

12. II. Digestive System
JOBS: breaks down foods into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats
Broken down food is used for energy, growth, and cell repair
PATHWAY: mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine
The liver and pancreas produce chemicals that the digestive system uses to break down food
The villi in small intestines is where food is absorbed into the bloodstream

13. III. Endocrine System JOB: controls mood and emotion, growth,
development, tissue
function, and metabolism
B. Glands make hormones
Examples: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, reproductive glands
C. Hormones are chemical messages which are sent through the body

14. IV. Excretory System
A. JOB: performs the process of removing wastes from the body
B. PARTS:
1. kidneys remove waste from the blood, produce urine
2. lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood to exhale
3. skin sweats
4. liver breaks down fats
5. large intestine removes solid waste from the body

15. V. Immune System
JOB: The body’s defense against infectious organisms and other invaders
Phagocytes: chew up invading organisms
Leukocytes: make antibodies that remember previous invaders and destroy them quickly
Lymph vessels: transport leukocytes
Antigens: foreign substances invading the body

16. VI. Muscular System JOB: Create movement
B. TYPES: skeletal (attached to bones), smooth (in your organs), cardiac/heart
C. Voluntary muscles: you decide when they move
D. Involuntary muscles: automatically done because of hormones or brain signals
E. Over 630 muscles in the adult body
F. Fibers in muscles cells make them contract and relax

17. VII. Nervous System A. JOB: senses, thinking breathing, remembering,
laughing, pain, movement
B. Central Nervous System (CNS) brain spinal cord
C. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) carries nerve impulse from CNS to muscles and glands
1. Nerves are threadlike
2. Nerves can be up to 3 feet long
3. Nerves send electric and chemical messages
throughout the body

18. VIII.Reproductive System
JOB: the organs that are involved
with producing egg or sperm and
conceiving and carrying babies

19. IX. Respiratory System JOBS: to bring oxygen to
the body, deliver oxygen to the
blood, remove carbon dioxide from the blood
B. Pathway: mouth/nose, trachea, bronchi, alveoli (air sacs)
C. Muscles in the diaphragm pull down, allowing the lungs to fill with air
D. Blood flows past the air sacs, picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide. We exhale the carbon dioxide when we breathe out.

20. X. Skeletal System A. JOB: 1. Shapes the body 2. Protects vital organs
a. Brain - skull
b. Heart - ribs
c. Spine - vertebrae
3. Makes movement
B. Infants have over 300 bones. They fuse
together to make 206 in the adult human
C. Bones are made of living bone cells
D. Bone Marrow fills the hollow cavity inside bones
and makes white and red blood cells

21. Organization Example
Break down the muscular system using the organizational hierarchy of the body.
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Cells (heart cells, skeletal muscle cells) Tissues (connective, muscular ) Organs (heart, Uterus, bicep) Organ System (muscular system)

22. Activity
In your small groups, click on the body systems activity with rubric tab and complete the body systems activity.
I will assign you a body system and provide you with paper. (Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Nervous, Skeletal, Endocrine)
Follow all of the directions provided.
Read over the grading rubric to know what is expected.
Add a diagram like the example we did in class to your diagram.
ALL group members MUST participate in order for the group to get a grade.
Individually complete the review questions on the next slide

23. Review Questions What are the main jobs of each of the systems?
What are the names and functions of each of the three types of blood vessels?
What is the path of food through the digestive system?
What purpose do the liver and pancreas serve for the digestive system?
What are five main parts of the body that work as part of the excretory system? What is their function?
Describe the difference between a leukocyte and a phagocyte and tell how they travel through the body.
What are three types of muscles in the body? Examples?
Describe the difference between an involuntary and a voluntary muscle.
Which parts of the nervous system are considered CNS and PNS?
Describe nerves?
What is the pathway that air travels to get to the body’s cells?
What is bone marrow and where can it be found?