1. Petrochemical Technology (TKK-2130)
16/17 Spring Semester
Petrochemical Technology (TKK-2130)
Instructor: Rama Oktavian
Office Hr.: M.10-15, Tu , W , Th , F

2. Propylene derivatives

3. Propylene derivatives

4. Propylene derivatives

5. Propylene derivatives

6. Propylene derivatives

7. Propylene derivatives
Propylene oxide

8. Propylene derivatives
Propylene oxide

9. Propylene derivatives
Propylene oxide production process

10. Propylene derivatives
Propylene chlorohydrin process

11. Propylene derivatives
Propylene chlorohydrin process
Reaction

12. Propylene derivatives
Propylene chlorohydrin process

13. Propylene derivatives
Propylene oxidation process using peroxide
The hydroperoxide process to propylene oxide involves:
the basic steps of oxidation of an organic to its hydroperoxide,
epoxidation of propylene with the hydroperoxide,
purification of the propylene oxide, and conversion of the co-product alcohol to a useful product for sale.

14. Propylene derivatives
Propylene oxidation process using peroxide
Main reaction
Hydroperoxide reaction

15. Propylene derivatives
Propylene oxidation process using peroxide

16. Propylene derivatives
Propylene glycol

17. Propylene derivatives
Propylene glycol

18. Propylene derivatives
Propylene glycol uses

19. Propylene derivatives
Propylene glycol

20. Propylene derivatives
Isopropanol
Source: ICIS

21. Propylene derivatives
Isopropanol
Source: ICIS

22. Propylene derivatives
Isopropanol

23. Propylene derivatives
Isopropanol manufacturing process

24. Propylene derivatives
Acetone
Source: IHS

25. Propylene derivatives
Acetone
Source: ICIS

26. Propylene derivatives
Acetone manufacturing process

27. Propylene derivatives
Acetone manufacturing process
Acetone manufacturing process by dehydrogenation of isopropanol

28. Propylene derivatives
Acetone manufacturing process by dehydrogenation of isopropanol
Catalytic dehydrogenation takes place in the liquid phase at l5O"C and atmospheric pressure, in the presence of Raney niekel

29. Propylene derivatives
Acetone manufacturing process by direct oxidation of propanol

30. Propylene derivatives
Acetone manufacturing process by direct oxidation of propanol
Overall reaction

31. Propylene derivatives
Propylene oxidation process technology
Find the process scheme
Explain it in detail

32. Propylene derivatives
Propylene glycol using glycerol
Find the process scheme
Explain it in detail

33. Aromatic compound

34. Aromatic compound

35. Aromatic compound

36. Aromatic compound

37. Aromatic compound

38. Aromatic compound

39. Aromatic compound Benzene
a cyclical, six carbon, six hydrogen molecule
a clear, colourless, volatile liquid with a characteristic ‘aromatic’ smell

40. Aromatic compound Benzene

41. Aromatic compound Benzene uses
combined and processed with other basic chemicals (such as ethylene or propylene) to produce countless consumer goods
The largest derivative outlet for benzene is ethylbenzene
production of styrene
polystyrene
widely used to produce cumene
Phenol, cyclohexane, and aniline

42. Aromatic compound
Benzene uses

43. Aromatic compound Benzene global demand

44. Aromatic compound Benzene uses

45. Aromatic compound Benzene uses

46. Aromatic compound Benzene global demand
According to a new IHS Chemical (NYSE: IHS) global market study, global demand for benzene, an aromatic hydrocarbon and one of the primary chemical building blocks for the petrochemical industry, increased to 43.7 million metric tons in 2013, an increase of 2.8 percent above demand for benzene in 2012.

47. Aromatic compound Benzene demands

48. Aromatic compound Benzene sources

49. Aromatic compound Benzene sources

50. Aromatic compound

51. Aromatic compound Benzene production Extractive distillation
Catalytic reforming
Toluene hydrodealkylation and disproportionation
Pyrolysis gasoline
Production from coal tar

52. Benzene production Extractive distillation

53. Benzene production Catalytic reforming
Reforming takes straight chain hydrocarbons in the C6 to C8 range from the gasoline or naphtha fractions and rearranges them into compounds containing benzene rings
A typical catalyst is a mixture of platinum and aluminium oxide

54. Benzene production Production from pyrolysis gasoline
Pyrolysis gasoline is the by-product of steam cracking of paraffin gases, naphtha, gas oils and other hydrocarbons used to make ethylene.
It contains 60% aromatics, 50% of which is benzene

55. Ethylbenzene production

56. Aromatic compound Toluene = methylbenzene

57. Aromatic compound
Toluene uses

58. Aromatic compound
Toluene uses

59. Aromatic compound TDI uses
As raw material for flexible polyurethane (PU) foam used in furniture, mattresses and car seats.
rigid foams and adhesives, paints, concrete sealers, as a cross-linking agent for nylon 6, and as an intermediate in PU coatings and elastomers

60. Toluene Toluene consumption

61. Toluene Toluene consumption

62. Toluene
Toluene production technology

63. Toluene
Toluene production technology

64. Toluene Toluene to benzene production technology
Toluene hydrodealkylation
The hydrodealkylation is conducted either purely thermally at °C and bar or catalytically at somewhat lower temperatures of °C and bar Over Cr2O3, Mo2O3, or CoO on supports (e.g., Al2O3) or, as in a recent development, at °C over Rh/Al2O3.

65. Toluene Toluene to benzene production technology
Toluene disproportionation
2 toluene molecules are reacted and the methyl groups rearranged from one toluene molecule to the other, yielding one benzene molecule and one xylene molecule

66. Toluene Toluene to TDI production process
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is currently produced via a three-step process:
Nitration of toluene to dinitrotoluene (DNT)
Toluene is nitrated in two steps, producing the three isomers of mononitrotoluene. and the mixed mononitrotoluene isomers are further nitrated resulting in dinitrotoluene isomers
Reduction of dinitrotoluene to toluene diamine (TDA)
Dinitrotoluene is dissolved in methanol and reduced continuously by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable catalyst

67. Toluene Toluene to TDI production process
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is currently produced via a three-step process:
Phosgenation of TDA to TDI
The 80/20 TDA produced by any of the above processes is converted to diisocyanate by reaction with phosgene
phosgene

68. Aromatic compound Xylene
the o- isomer has the IUPAC name of 1,2-dimethylbenzene
the m- isomer has the IUPAC name of 1,3-dimethylbenzene
the p- isomer has the IUPAC name of 1,4-dimethylbenzene

69. Aromatic compound Xylene Properties
The melting point ranges from −47.87 °C (−54.17 °F) (m-xylene) to °C (55.87 °F) (p-xylene)
The boiling point for each isomer is around 140 °C ( °F)
The density of each is around 0.87 g/mL (7.26 lb/U.S. gallon)
Xylene in air can be smelled at 0.08 to 3.7 parts of xylene per million parts of air (ppm)

70. Aromatic compound
Xylene uses

71. Aromatic compound
P-Xylene production

72. Aromatic compound Recent update Developing technologies
China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (CPCC) and Sinopec have developed a new composite solvent for extractive distillation (ED) of aromatics.
ExxonMobil proposes a bound zeolite catalyst for use in alkylation, transalkylation or isomerization of aromatic hydrocarbons.
UOP has developed a new family of zeolites that can be used in alkylation of aromatics, transalkylation of aromatics, isomerization of aromatics and alkylation of isoparaffins.

73. Aromatic compound Recent update
Catalyst development in aromatic hydrocarbon production using catalytic pyrolysis
1. Aromatic hydrocarbons production from ex situ catalysis of pyrolysis vapor over Zinc modified ZSM-5 in a packed-bed catalysis coupled with microwave pyrolysis reactor, published in Fuel Volume 129, 1 August 2014, Pages 78–85

74. Aromatic compound Recent update
Catalyst development in aromatic hydrocarbon production using catalytic pyrolysis from biomass
1. Production of aromatic hydrocarbons by catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae with zeolites: Catalyst screening in a pyroprobe, published in Bioresource Technology Volume 139, July 2013, Pages 397–401

75. Aromatic compound Recent update
Catalyst development in aromatic hydrocarbon production using catalytic pyrolysis from biomass
2. Production of aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from biomass, published in Bioresource Technology Volume 147, November 2013, Pages 37–42

76. Aromatic compound Recent update
Catalyst development in aromatic hydrocarbon production using catalytic pyrolysis from biomass
3. Production of Light Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Biomass by Catalytic Pyrolysis, published in Chinese Journal of Catalysis Volume Volume 29, Issue 9, September 2008, Pages 907–912

77. Thank You !