1. Thermodynamic Analysis of Turbo Jet Engines
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Infusion of More Life into Jet….

2. Turbojets: Flexible High Vigor Jets

3. World's first operational turbojet engine
Dimensions: 1.48 m long, 0.93 m diameter
Weight: 360 kg
Thrust: 450 kgf (4.4 13,000 rpm and 800 km/h
Compression ratio: 2.8:1
Specific fuel consumption: 2.16 gal/(lb·h) [18.0 L/(kgf·h)]

4. World's first Aircraft : He178
General characteristics
Crew: One
Length: 7.48 m (24 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 7.20 m (23 ft 3 in)
Height: 2.10 m (6 ft 10 in)
Wing area: 9.1 m² (98 ft²)
Empty weight: 1,620 kg (3,572 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 1,998 kg (4,405 lb)
Powerplant: 1× HeS 3 turbojet, 4.4 kN (992 lbf)
Performance
Maximum speed: 698 km/h (380 mph)
Range: 200 km (125 mi)

5. Worlds Most Powerful Engine : GE90-115B
The World’s Largest Jet Engine is Already More Powerful Than America’s First Manned Space Rocket
Compressor: Axial flow, 4-stage low pressure, 9-stage high pressure
Turbine: High pressure two stages, low pressure 6 stages
Maximum Thrust: 569 kN
Overall pressure ratio: 42.1
Thrust-to-weight ratio: 6.3

6. Smallest Nanotube jet engine : 9 October 2016
he smallest jet engine is 220 nm ( in), achieved by Xing Ma (China) and Samuel Sánchez (Spain), demonstrated in Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Institution, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on 9 October 2016
The 'engine' is actually a nanotube, powered by an enzyme-triggered biocatalytic reaction using urea as fuel. The reaction creates an internal flow that extends out into the fluid, causing an open cavity to form.
This results in thrust, propelling the nanotube along.

7. Micro-turbojets for Weapons

8. Variation of Turbo Technologies

9. Thermal Energy Management & Conservation

10. Anatomy of A Jet Engine
Vac 6 3 4 5 2 1
Vjet

11. Turbojets: Flexible High Vigor Jets
Five basic components:
intake: captures air and efficiently delivers it to compressor.
compressor: increases air pressure and temperature.
combustor: adds kerosene to the air and burns the mixture to increase the temperature and energy levels further.
turbine: extracts energy from the gases to drive the compressor via a shaft.
nozzle: accelerates the gases further.
High levels of engineering required for efficient operation, especially for compressor and turbine - therefore costly compared with ramjet.

12. Ideal Ramjet Cycle Vs Ideal Turbojet Cycle Stagnation Temperature vs Entropy
1,2
3,4 s 4 3
5,6 T0
1,2

13. Ideal Ramjet Cycle Vs Ideal Turbojet Cycle – Static Temperature vs Entropy1 2 3 4 s 4 5 3 T
6 : Jet 2 1 s

14. Ideal Ramjet Cycle Vs Ideal Turbojet cycle – Stagnation Pressure Vs Entropy
1,2
3,4 s 4 3 p0
5,6
1,2 s

15. Ideal Ramjet Cycle – Static Pressure vs Entropyps s 1 2 3 4 4 3 5 p 2
6: Jet 1 s

16. Components of A Jet Engine : Intake
Vac 2 1
Vjet
1 -- 2
s = constant
T: Increasing
p: Increasing

17. Total Pressure and Total Temperature are just reference measures…..
Passive Isentropic Control Volumes Can never Afford to Generate High Compression
Total Pressure and Total Temperature are just reference measures…..

18. Anatomy of A Jet Engine : Compressor
Vac 2 3
Vjet
2 -- 3
s = constant
T : increasing
p : increasing

19. Compressor : Steady State Stead Flow Process2 3
Conservation of mass
First Law :

20. Ideal Compressor
No heat transfer, change in potential energies is negligible

21. Compressors CostsA Lot !!!
A compressor of A Jet engine is an active device, i.e. there exist capital and running cost.
If so, why is this?
Do I get more befit than the expenditure?
Does it also compensate extra capital cost too?