1. Describe the founding of the first abolitionist societies by Benjamin Rush and Benjamin Franklin and the role played by later critics of slavery, including William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Angelina and Sarah Grimké, Henry David Thoreau, and Charles Sumner.
COS Standard 12

2. Describing the rise of religious movements in opposition to slavery, including objections of the Quakers Explaining the importance of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 that banned slavery in new states north of the Ohio River Describing the rise of the Underground Railroad and its leaders, including Harriet Tubman and the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, on the abolitionist movement
Chapter 8 and 10

3. Opposition to Slavery
From the start of the US, Americans increasingly wanted to get rid of slavery.
Equality and liberty
By the 1830’s, more Americans wanted the immediate end to slavery.
North against the South (Industrialization vs. Agriculture)
Gradualism: the movement to gradually end slavery in the US

4. Opposition to Slavery continued
Quakers opposed slavery.
Gradually ending slavery would come in stages.
Do not import anymore slaves
Phase out slavery first in North and Upper South, then in Lower South
Slaveholders would be compensated for their loss.
Gradualism would give the south’s economy time to adjust.

5. Opposition to Slavery continued
Americans realized that ending slavery would not end racism.
Return slaves back to Africa: American Colonization Society
The ACS founded a colony in West Africa called Liberia. The capitol was called Monrovia.
Not realistic
Cost is high
ACS dependent upon donations, cannot raise enough money
Moving 1.5 million people to Africa
Slaves regard America as their home

6. Liberia

7. Opposition to Slavery continued
Abolitionism: the movement to rid the US of slavery immediately
No compensation to the slaveholders and no gradual measures
Grew strength from Second Great Awakening

8. Famous Abolitionists
Benjamin Rush: prominent American, signer of the Declaration of Independence, against slavery after having a dream, Quaker influenced
Benjamin Franklin: owned slaves but later freed them once he realized slavery was bad, and was an outspoken abolitionist later in his life, Quaker Influenced
William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator (Boston, Massachusetts), believed slavery was immoral and slaveholders were evil, the only option is immediate emancipation (freeing all slaves), Quaker influenced
Frederick Douglass: The North Star / Renowned American Reformer and Abolitionist
Sojourner Truth: former slave who spoke about freedom, “Ain’t I A Woman”

9. Famous Abolitionists
Sara and Angelina Grimke: Quakers, letter was published in the Liberator, feminists and abolitionists
Henry David Thoreau: wrote Slavery in Massachusetts
Charles Sumner: senator from Massachusetts who opposes slavery, Sumner caning

10. Famous Abolitionists

11. Famous Abolitionists

12. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Bans slavery above the Ohio River

13. Underground Railroad
A series of trails and safe places to the north for slaves to travel when escaping the south
Conductors
Harriet Tubman: also known as Moses, famous conductor of the UR, runaway slave, risked freedom 19 times to save others
Levi Coffin: Quaker, allowed escaped slaves to stay at his home in Indiana and Ohio
UR deepened Southern mistrust of Northern intentions.

14. Underground Railroad

15. Harriet Tubman and Levi Coffin

16. Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Relationship between Tom, the slave, and his overseer, Simon Legree
Changed Northern perceptions of slavery
Depicted slaves as real people imprisoned in bad situations
Southerners tried unsuccessfully to have the book banned
Distortions and falsehoods
Considered a cause of the Civil War