1. What is a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag?
In terms of appearance…
Chip (IC)‏
Antenna

2. RFID devices take many forms

3. What is a Smart Label ? A paper label with RFID inside
an antenna, printed, etched or stamped ...
… and a chip attached to it
… on a substrate
e.g. a plastic
foil ... 1

4. “Smart label” RFID tag Passive device – receives power from reader
Range of up to several meters
Simply calls out (unique) name and static data
“74AB8”
“5F8KJ3”
“Evian bottle
# ”

5. Capabilities of “smart label” RFID tag
Little memory
Static 96-bit+ identifier in current ultra-cheap tags
Hundreds of bits soon
Little computational power
Several thousand gates (mostly for basic functionality)‏
No real cryptographic functions possible
Pricing pressure may keep it this way for a while, i.e., Moore’s Law will have delayed impact

6. Use of RF Technology Airline Baggage Asset Tags Tracking Rental
Building
Access
Rental
&
Libraries
Animal
Tracking
Public
Transport
Secure
Network Access
For E-business
& Online Services
Ticketing

7. Use of RF Technology Parcel Services Road Toll Supply Chain Management
Vehicle Access
& Security
Supply
Chain
Management
Parcel
Services
Mobile
Communications
Banking
&
Payment

8. “Tree-based” Technique suggested by Molnar and Wagner named CR/MW

9. Challenge-response protokol

10. Tampering with one tag The attack consists of three phases:
1. The attacker has one tag T0 (e.g., her own) she can tamper with and thus obtain its complete secret. When the number of tags in the system is large, this does not significantly affect the results.
2. She then chooses a target tag T. She can query it as much as she wants but she cannot tamper with it.
3. Given two tags T1 and T2 such that T={T1, T2} that, we say that the attacker succeeds if she definitely knows which of T1 and T2 is T.

11. We consider a given level i where si1 and si2 are in the same subtree
We consider a given level i where si1 and si2 are in the same subtree. Four cases must be considered:    

12. Ohkubo, Suzuki, and Kinoshita’s Protocol

13. a numerical comparison of CR, CR/MW, OSK, and OSK/AO