1. Cardiac Emergencies
Chapter 7

2. Cardiovascular Disease
Leading cause of death for men & woman in the USA
~610,000 per year
That’s 1 in every 4 deaths

3. Cardiovascular Disease
What puts you at higher risk?
Diabetes
Overweight
Poor diet
Physical inactivity
Excessive alcohol use

4. Cardiovascular Disease
Condition that affects heart and blood vessels
Build up of plaque in the arteries
This build up makes it difficult for blood flow throughout the body

5. How does it happen? Cholesterol Atherosclerosis
Fatty substance made by the body and found in certain foods
Too much can cause fatty deposits on artery wall restricting blood flow
Atherosclerosis
A condition in which fatty deposits build up on the walls of arteries

6. Coronary Heart Disease
Most common
Arteries that supply oxygen rich blood to the heart muscles harden or narrow from the build-up of fatty deposits
The lack of oxygen causes muscles around heart to die

7. Cardiac Emergencies: Heart Attack
Blood flow to some part of the heart muscle is compromised and the heart begins to die
Heart will not be able to circulate blood effectively

8. Heart Attack
Angina Pectoris: chest pain

9. Heart Attack: Care Send someone to call 9-1-1
Have victim stop what they are doing and rest
Loosen any restrictive clothing
Monitor victim closely until EMS arrives
Be prepared to perform CPR or use Automated External Defibrillators (AED) if victim stops breathing

10. Cardiac Emergencies: Cardiac Arrest
Condition in which the heart stops beating

11. Cardiac Arrest Heart stops beating
Heart is beating too ineffectively to generate a pulse
Causes:
Cardiovascular disease
Drowning
Suffocation
Drugs
Severe chest injuries
Severe blood loss
Stroke or other types of brain damage

12. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CPR
Cardio: Heart
Pulmonary: Lungs
CPR will artificially take over the function of the lungs & heart
Can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other organs until advanced medical care can be given

13. Increasing Chances of Survival
Early recognition
Calling immediately
Early CPR
Keep oxygenated blood flowing
Early defibrillation
Electric shock that disrupts activity of the heart long enough to allow heart to spontaneously develop effective rhythm alone
Early advanced medical care
Getting victim to hospital quick

14. CPR: Adult Showing no signs of life Check, Call, Care
2 rescue breaths, 30 chest compressions

15. Chest Compressions Kneel next to victim
Use fingers to locate victims breastbone & place heel of one hand there
Place other hand directly on top
Use heel of hand to apply pressure

16. Chest Compressions Keep arms straight & lock elbows
Compress only inches
Keep movements smoother, maintain a rhythm
“One and two and three and four…”
Bee Gees “Staying Alive”
30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths

17. CPR Locate proper hand position; middle of chest like an adult
Children
Infants
Locate proper hand position; middle of chest like an adult
Can use 1 hand technique with 1 hand on chest, 1 hand on forehead to maintain open airway
Compress 1.5 inches
30 compressions to 2 breaths
Imagine a line across the chest between nipples
Pad of 2-3 fingers on that line; on sternum
Compress ½-1 inch
30 compressions to 2 breaths
CPR

18. Children
Infant
CPR

19. When to STOP Scene becomes unsafe Victim shows obvious signs of life
AED is available and ready to use
Another trained rescuer arrives and takes over
You are too exhausted to continue