1. Rome fought Carthage in the ______ wars
Carthage could be found in modern day ____________ (Continent)
The first battle took place on this physical feature
The second battle took place after Carthage realized Rome did what in Spain?
Carthage was finally ruined by what Roman action(s)?

2. FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
LEADERS OF ROME
FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE

3. THE GRACCHI BROTHERS… TIBERIUS & GAIUS GRACCHUS BOTH ELECTED TRIBUNE
TRIED TO LIMIT POWER OF THE SENATE AND HELP THE POOR
BOTH WERE MURDERED!!

4. HERE BEGINS THE TRADITION OF BLOODY TRANSITIONS OF POWER

5. CIVIL WARS Who should hold power? Turmoil led to slave uprisings
Armies became loyal to commanders, not the state

6. WHAT IS THE DANGER OF THE ARMY BEING LOYAL TO THE GENERAL?

7. JULIUS CAESAR: RISE TO POWER
Popular general
Conquered Gaul
Formed First Triumvirate with other generals

8. JULIUS CAESAR: REFORMS
Established colonies
Public works projects
Gave public land to the poor
Extended citizenship

9. CAESAR NAMED DICTATOR FOR LIFE!!!!!!
FIRST TRIUMVIRATE
CRASSUS DIES
CAESAR & POMPEY AT WAR
POMPEY KILLED IN EGYPT
CAESAR NAMED DICTATOR FOR LIFE!!!!!!

10. “Beware of the Ides of March”
Senators feared he would want to be king
Caesar was stabbed to death in the senate.

11. Pre-class What happened to the Gracchi brothers?
Who was in the First Triumvirate?

12. OCTAVIAN…aka… AUGUSTUS…aka… CAESAR AUGUSTUS…aka… THE FIRST ROMAN EMPEROR

13. LEADERS OF ROME
SECOND TRIUMVERATE
43 BCE
MARC ANTONY
OCTAVIAN
LEPIDUS

14. BYE BYE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE
OCTAVIAN TOOK WESTERN PART OF EMPIRE
DEFEATED ANTONY & CLEOPATRA
MARC ANTONY

15. CAESAR AUGUSTUS (Exalted one)
Created civil service to enforce the laws
Promotion in government based on merit
Census, postal service, roads, coins, public works

16. THUS BEGINS THE PAX ROMANA
“THE ROMAN PEACE”
200 YEARS OF PROSPERITY, WEALTH, CULTURE, LEARNING, ARTS AND OTHER FUN STUFF

17. JULIAN EMPERORS TIBERUS 14-37 AD, ADOPTED SON OF AUGUSTUS
Adopted Germanicus (popular general) and then exiled him out of fear. He was fighting in the east. His wife Agrippina (Augustus’ grandaughter) claimed that he was poisoned. Tiberius moved to island of Capri. Extremely efficient emperor, but not popular. Feared assassination, became paranoid. Persecuted Germanicus’ family: Agrippina was killed, Caligulia’s older brothers were killed. Tiberius appointed Caligulia as heir

18. JULIAN EMPERORS CALIGULA STARTED OUT WELL LOVE BY ARMY
LATER HE BECAME BRUTAL & INSANE
PROCLAIMED HIMSELF A GOD & DEAD SISTER A GODDESS
MADE HIS HORSE CONSUL

19. JULIAN EMPERORS
CLAUDIUS
GOOD RULER
POISONED BY WIFE (also his niece)

20. JULIAN EMPERORS
NERO
MURDERED WIFE & MOM
BLAMED FOR GREAT FIRE IN ROME

21. JULIAN EMPERORS
SUCCESSION WAS ALMOST ALWAYS VIOLENT BECAUSE THERE WERE NO RULES OF SUCCESSION ESTABLISHED

22. GOOD EMPERORS (or so history has called them)
NERVA
LOWERED TAXES
GAVE LAND TO POOR

23. GOOD EMPERORS TRAJAN EXPANDED EMPIRE TO LARGEST EXTENT
INCLUDING ROMANIA

24. GOOD EMPERORS HADRIAN CONCERNED WITH DEFENDING EMPIRE’S BORDERS
BUILT WALL IN BRITAIN
TRAVELED THROUGHOUT EMPIRE

25. GOOD EMPERORS
ANTONIUS PIUS
BUILT ROADS & SCHOOLS
PROMOTED TRADE

26. GOOD EMPERORS
MARCUS AURELIUS
LAST EMPEROR OF PAX ROMANA

27. WHAT LED TO THE END OF THE PAX ROMANA?
PLAGUE
FOOD SHORTAGES
167 AD EMPIRE INVADED BY BARBARIANS

28. Pre-class
What happened to Roman soldiers following the wars of expansion?