1. World War II
Europe

2. Allies Fight Back U.S. entrance into WWII German U-Boats Enigma
Turned tide of war in Battle of Atlantic
Delivery of supplies = key!
German U-Boats
“wolf pack” dangerous subs countered by U.S. convoy system
Enigma
German code broken by Enigma machine in 1941
Advanced knowledge of German movements

3. Soviet Union Hitler invaded in 1941 Stalingrad (1942)
Soviets used winter to advantage
Stalingrad (1942)
Soviets refuse to fall > counterattack
Defeated Germans in 1943
*Marked beginning of German collapse in Soviet Union
Germans lost 2 million vs. Soviets 12 million

4. North Africa Prime oil territory > conflict between Britain & Italy
Britain defeats Italy & gains access to Suez Canal
General Erwin Rommel
“Desert Fox” – brilliant German general
Lost Battle of El Alamein to Britain

5. Operation Torch Operation Torch General Dwight D. Eisenhower
U.S. efforts in Africa
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Led U.S. attack
*U.S. gained valuable combat experience
Helped in German defeat

6. Axis Powers Collapse 1943 U.S. invades Italy FDR & Churchill
“… die for Mussolini & Hitler or live for Italy”
Tuskegee Airmen
Aid in U.S. victory
Approximately 300,000 killed or wounded

7. D-Day June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord
Allied invasion of France (5 beaches)
U.S., British & Canadian troops attack from sea, air & land
German response slow
High casualty rates but Allied victory
*General Eisenhower became Supreme Allied Commander after victory

9. Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge (Dec. 16, 1944)
*Last major German offensive
Gen. George Patton provided relief for American forces
Allied victory

10. The Holocaust Kristallnacht 3 stages Night of Broken Glass
*1st open attack on Jews
3 stages
Jews cannot live as Germans
Jews cannot live with Germans
Jews cannot live

11. U.S. Response to the Holocaust
Limited immigration of Jews by U.S. & other Western countries
War Refugee Board 1944
Too little too late?
Lacked money & authority
Nuremberg Trials
22 Nazis tried for war crimes

12. Yalta Conference Yalta Conference (Jan. 1945)
Big 3 meet (Stalin, Churchill & Roosevelt)
agree to “occupy” Germany once war ends by dividing the country into 4 sectors
Also agree to elections in Eastern European countries
Stalin agrees to help in war on Japan 3 months after Germany defeated
Why is this an issue?

13. Victory in Europe (V-E Day)
V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
Hitler finally recognized the end & committed suicide April 1945
News of Hitler’s death spread & fighting slowly stopped
surrender of Germany took effect on May 8, 1945
Proclaimed V-E (Victory in Europe) Day