1. The Global View Eric Donovan
Networks and Chains…
of the 36 submissions, at least 18 make mention of the need for global and regional scale networks.s
issues that were highlighted were globalization (see DASI discussion below), enhanced spatio-temporal resolution, observing across multiple scales, three dimensional measurements etc
for example the figure at right shows the stratospheric vortex inferred from meteorological reanalysis (radiosonde) data - a future possible network of Lidars would provide a synoptic time evolving view and shed light on vortex dynamics and variability.
Global View

2. The Global View Eric Donovan
Implementation Challenges and Paradigm Shifts…
What new “Class I” facilities need to be implemented?
“Off the shelf” technologies are revolutionizing many aspects of what we do - cheap & reliable digital imagers, instruments, magnetometers, telemetry systems, computers, etc are making things easy and cheap that were impossible just a decade ago (at right existing communication technology is being modified to act as an ISR tx
Using equipment deployed for other non-scientific reasons to carry out innovative new observations - for example GPS arrays are now utilized to probe TEC, water vapour content, etc
What role do focussed airborne campaigns play in the current and future context - ie., what is the impact of bringing an airborne Class I instrument to the fore.
Global View

3. Global View

4. Facilitating CEDAR Frontiers: DASI Eric Donovan
It is inevitable that…
there will be a proliferation of ground-based geospace instrumentation
it will become easier to retrieve the data from these in real time
it will become easier to have higher resolution data than the real time operation affords
it will become easier to integrate data from disparate sources, programs, instruments, etc.
all of this will become increasingly international – if not it will not be competitive
in developing a global initiative called DASI there will be a lot we can draw on
In collaboration with other agencies - NSF should sponsor activities that…
clarify the science objectives for DASI -> “what questions are we trying to address?”
differentiate between large facilities and DASI stations (nested capabilities)
from 1 & 2 – establish complements of different classes of DASI stations
establish what is already out there (capacity surveys)
develop protocols for managing DASI station network
develop protocols for managing the DASI data
implement DASI Phase I (Proto-DASI)
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5. Look to Other Examples
There must be many, but an obvious analogy is the ARGOS project
thousands of autonomous buoys that drift around the ocean
each is identical
each undergoes cycles that probe salinity/temperature profiles
the drifting of these buoys is interesting in and of itself
the US funded the lions share of the buoys, but many other countries have contributed
other nations have contributed to design, data management, etc
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6. What do we have to build on?
There are facilities and programs all over the world…
Networks of small instruments: CGSM, MIRACLE, UNIS, AGI, AUGO, MEASURE, MERIDIAN, THEMIS GBO, InterMagnet, SuperDARN, etc. etc.
Large multi-instrument observatories at the location of large facilities: Poker Flat, Resolute Bay, Sondrestrom, Tromso, Millstone, South Pole Station, SuperDARN sites, etc. etc.
The growing “network” of virtual observatories: VMO/G, VMO/U, VITMO, VSO, VSPO, SPIDR, GAIA, Gloria, etc. etc.
Each nation should sponsor an inventory of capacity
What instruments are out there?
Where is data available?
What is likely to come in the near future?
Note that capacity surveys have been carried out in the past not to much avail – why?
The output of these surveys has not been in a uniform format and generally these have not been incorporated into relational databases
The big “carrot” has not been there – if a big player (ie., NSF or equivalent agency) gets going on DASI the rest of the world will follow – they will have to!
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7. For Example
Existing Ground-Based Instrumentation
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8. For Example
THEMIS GBO Program as a DASI Microcosm
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9. For Example GeoSpace Data Environment VITMO GAIA VSO CDAWEB MADRIGAL
VSPO
VGO
VMO/U
VSO
SSDP
VITMO
CDAWEB
VMO/G
MADRIGAL
SPIDR
ASTROGRID
For Example
GeoSpace Data
Environment
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10. Concrete Steps
So what should we do – DASI Phase I – Towards the next Solar Maximum
brainstorm on what expertise and knowledge is needed to make DASI happen – with this in mind establish a Proto-DASI (2 or 3 country) steering committee
host two DASI (international) science workshops – choose five grand challenge themes
use the outcome of (2) to establish requirements for DASI sites (instrument complement), using input from (international) “white papers” such as CEDAR community reports
devote resources to developing a web accessible data base for capacity surveys
carry out the capacity surveys – make them complete, searchable, useable, and updatable
devote resources to the evolving (international) geospace data environment - ensure that data from DASI instruments are readily available via the growing network of VxOs
pick two grand challenges that can be addressed with a continent-scale northern hemisphere (2 or 3 country) plasmasphere to polar cap DASI Phase I array (see below)
use outputs of (3) & (5) to determine what we can add to what we have by 2010 (examples may be StormDARN, CHAIN, passive radars, GPs & mag array enhancements, etc.)
engage Canadian & US instrument teams, modellers, data assimilation experts, and of course funding agencies (NSF, NASA, CSA, NSERC, etc) and implement enhancements established in (8)
Move soon towards DASI Phase II – Establish a Global Network of “Small” Instruments
Global View

11. CEDAR Frontiers
DASI is a tool – A series of CEDAR campaigns would target “grand challenge” questions... Here are some examples culled from the 36 submissions
What is the role of the ionosphere in supplying plasma to the magnetosphere and what are the consequences for global dynamics (e.g., ISRs and ASIs)
Are noctilucent clouds an indicator of global change – do we know their behaviour in the existing climate system well enough to use them as the “canary in the coalmine” – (e.g., lidar and optical imaging networks)
Role of small-scale vertical transport in the global dynamic - a DASI network ill allow multi- point true 3-D measurements (e.g., FPI , and meteor radar networks).
Understanding the underlying physics for meso-scale ionospheric structure (e.g., GPS, Ionosonde, ASI, etc.)
Impact of high-energy precipitation on atmospheric composition (e.g., riometers, lidars, ionosondes, ISRs, etc.)
There are more themes suggested in the 36 submissions
Global View

12. Concrete Steps
DASI
is not yet a program – it is the encapsulation of an opportunity
is more about protocols than hardware – an effective DASI “ethos” will maximize the impact of the now disparate global ground-based efforts
must be international or it will not work – that means that now in the formative stages while the country that puts resources to DASI gets to lead, the global community must be engaged
needs to be made into a program with some funding to create new resources that reinforce the DASI “ethos” (ie., VxOs, infrastructure for multi-instrument sites, software to support satellite and land-line internet telemetry, new instruments NOT on top of existing instruments, etc.)
(4) needs to happen now – establish a steering committee, hold the international workshops, engage partners, carry out North American Prot-DASI, etc.
is not everything – observational campaigns, dense networks of multi-instrument stations, Class I facilities, etc are and will remain essential – done right DASI would be like GOES, DMSP, or LANL – larger in impact than one satellite but nevertheless part of a larger whole
Must be adopted by a formal organization – someone needs to take ownership of DASI now
Global View

13. For Example Ground-Based Instrumentation in North America Global View
UC Berkeley
U Calgary
U Saskatchewan
EISCAT
U Tromso
FMI
DMI
SRI
Astronomy North
Lancaster U
Global View