1. Kingdom Fungi
Biology 11

2. Kingdoms Review:

3. What is a fungus?
A eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organism that does not have chlorophyll.
Mycology =
study of fungi

4. Structure:
The main body of most fungi is made up of fine, branching, usually colourless threads called hyphae.
Each fungus will have vast numbers of these hyphae, all intertwining to make up a tangled web called the mycelium.

5. Structure:
Fruiting bodies (such as mushrooms) are made up of thick collections of hyphae.
Fruiting bodies can produces spores

6. Ecological Importance:
Decomposers: recycle nutrients (often called saprobes or saprophytes)
Parasites: feed on living organisms
Symbiosis: mutualistic relationships
Ex. lichens and mycorrhizae

7. How fungi feed: Extracellular digestion:
As the hyphae grow across a food surface, they release digestive chemicals
These chemical break large organic molecules into smaller molecules
The smaller molecules diffuse into the fungi

8. How Fungi Reproduce:
Most fungi can reproduce with asexual or sexual reproduction
Fragmentation: (asexual) when a piece of hyphae brakes off, a new piece can grow back
Spores: windblown reproductive cells that help fungi disperse to new locations
Spore can be asexual or sexual

9. Diversity of Fungi: Over 100,000 species of fungi 4 phyla
Classified according to their reproductive structures

10. 1. Phylum Zygomycota: Example: bread molds Spores for reproduction
Sporangia (a spore case)
Hyphae grow into the food source

11. 2. Phylum Ascomycota: Sac fungi
Produce a sac-like reproductive structure called an ascus
Examples:
Morels and truffles (for eating)
Yeast (only unicellular fungi)
Athlete's foot, ringworm
Plant diseases: Dutch elm and ergot

12. Scarlet cup

13. Yeast

14. Morel

15. 3. Phylum Basidiomycota:
Club Fungi
Examples includes mushrooms, shelf fungi and puffballs
Produce spore in a club shaped structure called basidia
The basidia are located under the cap in the gills

17. Jack-o-lantern fungi

18. Amanita muscaria extremely poisonous!

19. 4. Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)
Reproduces asexual only
Many are used in food production, such as cheeses and soy sauce
Examples are Penicillium and Aspergillis
Causes lung disease in humans
Developed penicillin the antibiotic from this

20. Aspergillis

21. Lichens
Mutualistic relationship (both benefit from living together) between a fungi and a cyanobacteria or algae
Fungi provides shelter and moisture and photosynthetic partner provides the food
Importance:
food source for Arctic animals(caribou,etc)
pioneer organisms in primary succession
indicator for air pollution

22. Pseudocyphellaria aurata, "green specklebelly", on the bark of a plane tree in the mountains of Tennessee. In Madagascar, a tea made from this lichen is used to treat indigestion.

23. Cetrelia chicitae ("sea-storm lichen") on mossy rock, north shore of Lake Superior, Ontario.

24. Complete “Three types of Fungi” diagrams together