1. Genetics: A Scientific Revolution

2. Vocabulary:

3. Gene: a segment of DNA which codes for a trait

4. Alleles: one of two versions of a gene
Ex.
Tall vs. short
Brown eyes vs. blue eyes
-Expressed with letters (WW, Ww, Bb)

5. Heredity: transmission of traits from parents to offspring
Inheritance: genes acquired by offspring

6. Genotype: alleles that an organism inherits from its parentsbb Bb
Bb, BB

7. Phenotype: appearance of an organism as a result of genotype
Genotype: bb
Phenotype: blue eyes

8. Genetics: field of biology devoted to understanding the patterns/processes of inheritance

9. Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics
-born in Austria -entered a monastery at age 21 -studied peas -studied 15 traits over 28,000 generations -ridiculed for his findings

10. Pure Trait: traits that show up generation after generation

11. P – Generation (parental) – produce offspring with a mix of pure traits

12. F1 – Generation (filial) – offspring of the P-generation

13. F2- Generation – offspring of the F1 generation

14. Mendel’s 1st Experiment (Monohybrid Cross)
P-Generation: Tall Flower X short flower F1 Generation: (All Tall) Tall X Tall F2 Generation: 75% Tall; 25% short

15. Principle of Dominance

16. Dominant Allele: the allele whose properties are expresses as phenotype

17. Recessive Allele: allele whose properties are not observed

18. Homozygous: when both alleles are alike (HH, hh, BB, bb, AA)

19. Heterozygous: alleles are not alike (Aa, Hh, Gg)

20. Law of Segregation: traits separate during gamete formation
Diploid Cell
Pp Tt pt Pt PT pT
Haploid Cells

21. Punnett Square: displays the probability of genotypes/phenotypes
P-generation T T Tt t t
All Tall

22. F1 Generation – Tt X Tt