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Circular Motion How do we work out the velocity of something which is moving at constant speed in a circle ? Answer: We use the simple formula: But in this case, the distance is the circumference of the circle = 2r And the time is the time taken to complete a full revolution, T So velocity of an object moving in a circle of radius r is given by the formula: Where T is the time taken for 1 complete rotation. Alternatively we can say: Where f is the frequency of rotation, or number of rotations per second.
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Radians and angular speed in radians per second
Using ‘radians’ to measure angles r Definition of a ‘radian’: The angle subtended by 1 radius of arc on a circle r Circumference of circle = 2r So how many radians in a full circle ? = 1 radian Each radian gives an arc of length r So there must be 2 of them to make a full circle Conversion degrees to radians: 360 = 2 radians radians = 180 Using angular velocity ‘’ (omega) (radians/second) to measure speed of rotation For Linear Position, Displacement = Velocity Time x = vt = t For Angular Position, Angle = Angular Velocity Time 1 revolution/sec = 2 radians/sec 0.5 revolution/sec = radians/sec 2 revolution/sec = 4 radians/sec Questions: 1. Calculate the angular velocity in radians per second of the minute hand of a clock 2. A wheel has = 10 rad/s. What is this in degrees per second, and in revolutions per second.
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Linking angular speed with time for 1 full rotation T
We have the formula for angular position = t or When an object completes a full revolution, the angle in radians which it rotates through is... 2 radians And the time taken for it to do this is... the time for 1 full rotation T v so v Also, remember or v Questions Page 23. 1. a. b. c.
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2. a. b. (i) (ii) 3. a. b. (i) (ii)
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4. a. b. (i) (ii)
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Circular Motion How do we work out the velocity of something which is moving at constant speed in a circle ? But in this case, the distance is the circumference of the circle And the time is the time taken to complete a full revolution So velocity of an object moving in a circle of radius r is given by the formula: Where T is the time taken for 1 complete rotation. Alternatively we can say: Where f is the frequency of rotation, or number of rotations per second.
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Radians and angular speed in radians per second
Using ‘radians’ to measure angles Definition of a ‘radian’: The angle subtended by 1 radius of arc on a circle Circumference of circle So how many radians in a full circle ? Each radian gives an arc of length r So there must be of them to make a full circle Conversion degrees to radians: Using angular velocity ‘’ (omega) (radians/second) to measure speed of rotation For Linear Position, Displacement = Velocity Time x = vt For Angular Position, 1 revolution/sec = 0.5 revolution/sec = 2 revolution/sec =
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Linking angular speed with time for 1 full rotation T
We have the formula for angular position or When an object completes a full revolution, the angle in radians which it rotates through is... And the time taken for it to do this is... the time for 1 full rotation T so or Questions Page 25.
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