1. Luis Gonzalez-Mestres John Naisbitt University
NEW PARTICLES
AND
NONSTANDARD
NEW PHYSICS
Luis Gonzalez-Mestres
Cosmology Laboratory,
John Naisbitt University
Belgrade and Paris

2. WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM NEW PARTICLES ?

3. Possible new particles other than those associated to conventional extensions of the standard model are considered, including the potential role of a new space-time (spinorial...) and of a new ultimate structure of vacuum where "elementary" particles would be generated. Experiments at CERN and at other (including future) accelerators are given particular attention. Relevant preon-like models are also discussed in connection with new particles.

4. EPJ Web of Conferences will be set by the publisher ICNFP 2016
DOI: will be set by the publisher
c Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2017
Quantum Mechanics, vacuum, particles, Gödel-Cohen incompleteness and the Universe
Luis Gonzalez-Mestres,
Cosmology Laboratory, John Naisbitt University, Belgrade and Paris
Goce Delceva 8, Novi Beograd, Serbia
Abstract. Are the standard laws of Physics really fundamental principles? Does the physical vacuum have a more primordial internal structure? Are quarks, leptons, gauge bosons... ultimate elementary objects? These three basic questions are actually closely related. If the deep vacuum structure and dynamics turn out to be less trivial than usually depicted, the conventional "elementary" particles will most likely be excitations of such a vacuum dynamics that remains by now unknown. We then expect relativity and quantum mechanics to be low-energy limits of a more fundamental dynamical pattern that generates them at a deeper level. It may even happen that vacuum drives the expansion of the Universe from its own inner dynamics. =>

5. Inside such a vacuum structure, the speed of light would not be the critical speed for vacuum constituents and propagating signals. The natural scenario would be the superbradyon (superluminal preon) pattern we postulated in 1995, with a new critical speed cs much larger than the speed of light c just as c is much larger than the speed of sound. Superbradyons are assumed to be the bradyons of a super-relativity associated to cs (a Lorentz invariance with cs as the critical speed). Similarly, the standard relativistic space-time with four real coordinates would not necessarily hold beyond low-energy and comparatively local distance scales. Instead, the spinorial space-time (SST) with two complex coordinates we introduced in may be the suitable one to describe the internal structure of vacuum and standard "elementary" particles and, simultaneously, Cosmology at very large distance scales. If the constituents of the preonic vacuum are superluminal, quantum entanglement appears as a natural property provided cs >> c . The value of cs can even be possibly found experimentally by studying entanglement at large distances. It is not excluded that preonic constituents of vacuum can exist in our Universe as free particles ("free" superbradyons), in which case we expect them to be weakly coupled to standard matter. =>

6. If a preonic vacuum is actually leading the basic dynamics of Particle Physics and Cosmology, and standard particles are vacuum excitations, the Gödel-Cohen incompleteness will apply to vacuum dynamics whereas the conventional laws of physics will actually be approximate and have error bars. We discuss here the possible role of the superbradyonic vacuum and of the SST in generating Quantum Mechanics, as well as the implications of such a dynamical origin of the conventional laws of Physics and possible evidences in experiments and observations. Black holes, gravitational waves, possible "free" superbradyons or preonic waves, unconventional vacuum radiation... are considered from this point of view paying particular attention to LIGO, VIRGO and CERN experiments.
WHAT IS ACTUALLY AN “ELEMENTARY” PARTICLE ? WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURE, THE DYNAMICS AND THE ROLE OF THE PHYSICAL VACUUM ? WHAT WILL BE THE PHYSICAL MEANING OF “NEW PARTICLES” ?

7. EPJ Web of Conferences will be set by the publisher ICNFP 2016
DOI: will be set by the publisher
c Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2017
Value of H, space-time patterns, vacuum, matter, expansion of the Universe, alternative cosmologies
Luis Gonzalez-Mestres,
Cosmology Laboratory, John Naisbitt University, Belgrade and Paris
Goce Delceva 8, Novi Beograd, Serbia
Abstract. To the experimental uncertainties on the present value H0 of the Lundmark Lemaître - Hubble constant, fundamental theoretical uncertainties of several kinds should also be added. In standard Cosmology, consistency problems are really serious. The cosmological constant is a source of well-known difficulties while the associated dark energy is assumed to be at the origin of the observed acceleration of the expansion of the Universe. But in alternative cosmologies, possible approaches without these problems exist. An example is the pattern based on the spinorial space-time (SST) we introduced in where the H t = 1 relation (t = cosmic time = age of the Universe) is automatically generated by a pre-existing cosmic geometry before standard matter and conventional forces, including gravitation and relativity, are introduced. (…)

8. WHAT ARE ACTUALLY SPACE AND TIME ?
WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL AND SPACE-TIME MEANING OF THE EXISTENCE OF SPIN-1/2 PARTICLES ?

9. A SPINORIAL SPACE-TIME ?
WHY NOT A SPACE – TIME WHERE SPIN-1/2 WAVE FUNCTIONS WOULD BE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ACTUAL SPACE TRANSFORMATIONS AND NOT JUST OF THEIR COVERING GROUP? =>
A SPINORIAL SPACE-TIME ?

10. THE SPINORIAL SPACE-TIME (SST) (Gonzalez-Mestres, 1995-97)
COSMIC TIME t = MODULUS OF A COSMIC SPINOR => ASSOCIATE TO EACH POINT OF SPACE-TIME A SU(2) COMPLEX SPINOR ξ
SPACE AT A GIVEN t = ALL VALUES OF ξ SUCH THAT |ξ| = t
THE SU(2) GROUP REPLACES THE STANDARD SO(3) SPACE ROTATIONS

11. PARTICLE PROPAGATION IN THE SST : IF “ELEMENTARY” SPIN-1/2 FERMIONS ARE SST EXTENDED OBJECTS WITH A LOCAL SST, CONTINUOUS PROPAGATION WILL BE FORBIDDEN AT VERY SMALL TIME SCALES (AVOID SELF-OVERLAP) =>
DISCRETE (RANDOM) PROPAGATION AT VERY SMALL SCALES => FEYNMAN-LIKE PATH INTEGRAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS ?

13. Luis Gonzalez-Mestres
EPJ Web of Conferences will be set by the publisher ICNFP 2015
DOI: will be set by the publisher
Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2016
Spinorial Regge trajectories and Hagedorn-like temperatures
Spinorial space-time and preons as an alternative to strings
Luis Gonzalez-Mestres
Megatrend Cosmology Laboratory, John Naisbitt University, Belgrade and Paris
Goce Delceva 8, Novi Beograd, Serbia
Abstract. The development of the statistical bootstrap model for hadrons, quarks and nuclear matter occurred during the 1960s and the 1970s in a period of exceptional theoretical creativity. And if the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons as fundamental particles was then operated, a transition from standard particles to preons and from the standard space-time to a spinorial one may now be necessary, including related pre-Big Bang scenarios =>

14. We present here a brief historical analysis of the scientific problematic of the 1960s in Particle Physics and of its evolution until the end of the 1970s, including cosmological issues. Particular attention is devoted to the exceptional role of Rolf Hagedorn and to the progress of the statisticak boostrap model until the experimental search for the quark-gluon plasma started being considered. In parallel, we simultaneously expose recent results and ideas concerning Particle Physics and in Cosmology, an discuss current open questions. Assuming preons to be constituents of the physical vacuum and the standard particles excitations of this vacuum (the superbradyon hypothesis we introduced in 1995), together with a spinorial space-time (SST), a new kind of Regge trajectories is expected to arise where the angular momentum spacing will be of 1/2 instead of 1. Standard particles can lie on such Regge trajectories inside associated internal symmetry multiplets, and the preonic vacuum structure can generate a new approach to Quantum Field Theory. As superbradyons are superluminal preons, some of the vacuum excitations can have critical speeds larger than the speed of light c, but the cosmological evolution selects by itself the particles with the smallest critical speed (the speed of light). In the new Particle Physics and Cosmology emerging from the pattern thus developed, Hagedornlike temperatures will naturally be present. =>

15. As new space, time, momentum and energy scales are expected to be generated by the preonic vacuum dynamics, the Planck scale does not necessarily make sense in the new scenario. It also turns out that two potential evidences for a superbradyonic vacuum with a SST geometry exist already: i) the recent results on quantum entanglement at large distances favoring superluminal propagation of signals and correlations ; ii) the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation between two hemispheres observed by the Planck Collaboration, in agreement with the predictions of cosmic SST automatically generating a privileged space direction for each comoving observer.. Simultaneously to the discussion of the large nulmber of open questions, we comment on the required experimental and observational programs.
=> POSSIBLE SPINORIAL REGGE-LIKE TRAJECTORIES WITHOUT CONSTRAINTS OF THE COLEMAN-MANDULA TYPE =>
NONSTANDARD NEW PARTICLES

16. SPINORIAL REGGE-LIKE TRAJECTORIES AS A RESULT OF THE DYNAMICS OF A PREONIC (SUPERBRADYONIC) VACUUM WITH SST SPACE-TIME GEOMETRY ?
A SPIN-1/2 PARTICLE WITH POSITION AT ξ0 WOULD CORRESPOND TO A SPINORIAL WAVE FUNCTION « CENTERED » AT ξ0 AND TAKING SIGNIFICANT VALUES AT SMALL ENOUGH VALUES OF |ξ - ξ0 | => SPIN-3/2, SPIN 5/2… PARTICLES CAN IN PRINCIPLE BE GENERATED IN A SIMILAR WAY =>SUCH NEW PARTICLES WOULD NATURALLY INTERACT WITH STANDARD MATTER => SEARCH AT CERN…

17. WHAT ABOUT SUPERBRADYONS (SUPERLUMINAL PREONS)?
(Gonzalez-Mestres, 1995…)
SUPERBRADYONS WOULD BE CONSTITUENTS OF THE PHYSICAL VACUUM. IF EVER PRODUCED AS FREE PARTICLES, THEY ARE EXPECTED TO SPONTANEOUSLY DECAY. IF PRESENT IN THE PHYSICAL VACUUM, THEY CAN INFLUENCE BLACK HOLES, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES…

18. => A NEW KIND OF CAUSALITY, WITH A NEW CRITICAL SPEED
SUPERBRADYONS ARE EXPECTED TO OBEY A « SUPER-RELATIVITY »
ASSOCIATED TO THEIR CRITICAL SPEED. THE PROPAGATION INSIDE THE PHYSICAL VACUUM OF SIGNALS
MUCH FASTER THAN LIGHT DUE TO THEIR PRESENCE CAN NATURALLY
LEAD TO QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
=> A NEW KIND OF CAUSALITY, WITH A NEW CRITICAL SPEED

19. CAN FREE SUPERBRADYONS BE PRODUCED AT ACCELERATORS?
SUPERBRADYONS ARE ASUMED TO HAVE CRITICAL SPEED(S) MUCH LARGER THAN THAT OF LIGHT
=> VERY LARGE REST ENERGIES ARE THUS NATURALLY EXPECTED, EXCEPT FOR (ALMOST) MASSLESS => STRONG SIGNATURE AT CERN : « CHERENKOV » DECAY, BUT POSSIBLY VERY WEAK DIRECT INTERACTION WITH MATTER

20. WHY, THEN, THE USUAL CRITICAL SPEED c FOR STANDARD MATTER?
IF STANDARD PARTICLES ARE JUST VACUUM EXCITATIONS, THEY CAN BE IN A SITUATION SIMILAR TO THAT OF PHONONS, SOLITONS… WITH A SPEED CLOSE TO TH AT OF SOUND => c WOULD THE EQUIVALENT OF THE SPEED OF SOUND FOR A PREONIC VACUUM

21. THE SUPERBRADYONIC VACUUM CAN THEN DOMINATE THE BASIC COSMOLOGICAL PHENOMENA SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE => THE END OF THE STANDARD COSMOLOGY BASED ON A LEADING ROLE OF STANDARD PARTICLES AND FIELDS => A NEW APPROACH TO PRE-BIG BANG AND TO THE UNIVERSE EXPANSION INCLUDING POSSIBLE ACCELERATION…

22. SST REGGE-LIKE TRAJECTORIES CAN POSSIBLY INVOLVE NOT ONLY VARYING MASSES BUT ALSO OTHER VARYING PARAMETERS (CRITICAL SPEED…) => THEN, HIGH-ENERGY ACCELERATOR EXPERIMENTS CAN POTENTIALLY PRODUCE (NON SUPERBRADYONIC) PARTICLES WITH CRITICAL SPEEDS DIFFERENT FROM c (NOT RADICALLY DIFFERENT).

23. HIGH-ENERGY ACCELERATORS ARE A FUNDAMENTAL TOOL TO UNCOVER NEW PHYSICS.
THEY MUST BE DEVELOPED IN ORDER TO REACH THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE ENERGIES
(INCLUDING HEAVY NUCLEI, ANTIPROTONS, ELECTRONS AND POSITRONS…) => SEARCH FOR ALL KINDS OF NEW PHYSICS

24. ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS CAN REACH ENERGIES ABOVE 1020 eV => A UNIQUE POTENTIAL SOURCE OF NEW PHYSICS => NEW PARTICLES IN UHECR DECAYS AND IN THEIR COSMIC AND ATMOSPHERIC INTERACTIONS ? ARE THERESST-LIKE UHECR WITH NONSTANDARD
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ?

25. DOES THE GZK CUTOFF FOR ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS REALLY EXIST
DOES THE GZK CUTOFF FOR ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS REALLY EXIST ? OR IS THE DECREASE OF THE UHECR FLUX DUE TO OTHER REASONS (COSMIC RAY SOURCES…) ? NEW PHYSICS (RELATIVITY VIOLATIONS AT HIGH ENERGY…) CAN SUPPRESS THE GZK CUTOFF (Gonzalez-Mestres, 1996-…)

26. A MOTIVATION FOR THE PLANNED AUGER UPGRADE (arXiv:1604
A MOTIVATION FOR THE PLANNED AUGER UPGRADE (arXiv: ) : Elucidate the mass composition and the origin of the flux suppression at the highest energies, i.e. the differentiation between the energy loss effects due to propagation, and the maximum energy of particles injected by astrophysical sources.

27. TO EXPLORE NEW PHYSICS, DETECTORS AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES MUST ALSO BE STRONGLY DEVELOPED => IN PARTICULAR, A REALLY NEW GENERATION IS REQUIRED FOR BOTH ACCELERATORS AND UHECR EXPERIMENTS => NEW TECHNOLOGIES, LONG-TERM PROGRAMS…