1. The Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities
The Progressive Movement

2. Steel and electricity remake the modern world
Steel allows us to build stronger and higher
Electricity will connect the urban centers and out lying areas

4. City Culture
By around 1900, a new trend is occurring in America. More people are now living in cities than in the countryside. Why? Mostly Immigration.
Major entertainment forms that are still popular today develop and flourish
-Ragtime Music (Scott Joplin), Vaudeville Theater Shows, amusement parks
Dancing, night clubs, drinking, and young women (and men) pushing the boundaries of what is socially acceptable are common features of city life

6. The Progressive Movement
A movement consisting of overlapping set of goals aimed at combating the negatives associated with a rapidly industrializing economy and society
What needs reforming in the eyes of Progressives?
Child Labor
Food/Medicine Safety
Work Place Safety
Housing Conditions
Public Health (Controlling diseases)
Alcohol/Consumption
Trusts/Monopolies/Political Machines

7. Muckrakers
Influential writers and journalists in the late 1890’s and early 1900’s. The works of these people will influence reformers.
Highlighted major issues in large urban centers and the plight of many workers
Upton Sinclair (Meat Packing/Food Safety), Ida Tarbell (Standard Oil) , S.S. McClure (McClure’s Magazine)
The works of these journalist ands writers helped bring attention to issues like:
Child Labor, Unsafe Working Conditions, Unsanitary Food Facilities, and even moral issues like Prostitution and Consumption

9. Pure Food and Drug Act 1906
Creates the Food and Drug Administration to oversee various food safety laws are enforced. Great Specific to know.
Creation of this law is heavily influenced by Upton Sinclair's “The Jungle”
In 2012 California’s failed to pass a ballot measure that would require food manufactures to clearly label products as non-organic or genetically modified. Several large companies contributed tens of millions of dollars to the effort to fight this law, and they were successful.

10. How the Other Half Lives
Incredibly influential book by Danish born immigrant Jacob Riis
This book and the accompanying photos was widely read and encouraged many Americans in and outside of the city to take an interest in reform movements

11. Tenement Housing

13. Political Machines

14. Political Machines
Local bureaucracy that controls elected and public offices in a city.
example: Tammany Hall in New York
Political Machines “dispense patronage” which means they give out jobs to people that are loyal to the party machine.
When you are elected to an office, you immediately have the power to give many people jobs, and along with this comes the possibility of bribery and corruption

15. Political Machines
Most middle class Americans hate the concept of a political machine controlling the politics and political offices of a big city like New York
These machines cater to the needs of the immigrants through welfare and charity, which also upsets many nativist Americans
Through the support of new immigrants, these machines stay in control
Reformers of the Progressive era will target political machines as an area needing reform, and instead try, to provide for the needs of the poor themselves

16. City Beautiful Movement 1900
The idea that people need open spaces to live a healthy lifestyle and cities need to take open space and parks into consideration when they do city planning.
Inspired by Central Park in New York (1860’s)
Many major urban cities in America will begin to incorporate open spaces, amusement parks, swimming pools, sports fields etc.

18. Social Settlements
Urban reform projects that wanted to set up institutions in the middle of rough neighborhoods to provide services to the citizens that live there and help them advocate for reforms in their neighborhoods
Child Care
Basic Medical Care
Employment Assistance/Placement
Athletic Opportunities (YMCA discriminates)
Libraries
Cooperative Kitchens
Basic Banking/Savings Programs

19. Social Settlements Hull House in Chicago is one of the most famous
Operated by Jane Adams (know her name)
Her goal was to provide people with the resources they need to make their lives better. She saw her settlement House as “a bridge between the classes”
Adams inspected the health conditions of the neighborhood and made recommendations to city inspectors that turn into early health code laws