1. The Jammu and Kashmir Floods
Made by: Sukriti
Grade: 8A

2. Index The Jammu and Kashmir floods What are floods caused by?
Any other factors that cause a flood?
What were the causes of the J&K Floods?
What are the effects of floods?
Any other effects of floods?
What can be the positive effect of flooding?
What were the effects of the J&K Floods?
Index

3. The Jammu and Kashmir Floods
The floods took place in September 2014.
The major cause due to which Kashmir region suffered disastrous floods across many of its districts were torrential rainfall.
Majorly affected areas were India’s Jammu and Kashmir.
Nearly 277 people in India had died due to the floods by September 24, 2014.
The Jammu and Kashmir Floods

4. What are floods caused by?
Flooding occurs most commonly from heavy rainfall when natural watercourses do not have the capacity to convey excess water.
However, floods are not always caused by heavy rainfall.
They can result from other phenomena, particularly in coastal areas where inundation can be caused by a storm surge associated with a: Tropical cyclone, a tsunami or a high tide coinciding with higher than normal river levels.
Dam failure, triggered for example by an earthquake, will result in flooding of the downstream area, even in dry weather conditions.
What are floods caused by?

5. What were the causes of The J&K Floods?
Unprecedented rainfall, unplanned urbanisation and lack of preparedness are the basic reasons behind the floods which have devastated Jammu and Kashmir.
The floods could very well be another manifestation of an extreme weather event induced by a changing climate.
It is a combination of an intense and unprecedented rainfall event combined with mismanagement (of drainage) and unplanned urbanisation and lack of preparedness, in short.
What were the causes of The J&K Floods?

6. Any other factors that cause a flood?
Other factors which may contribute to flooding include:
Volume, spatial distribution, intensity and duration of rainfall over a catchment;
The capacity of the watercourse or stream network to convey runoff
Catchment and weather conditions prior to a rainfall event
Ground cover
Topography
Tidal influences
Any other factors that cause a flood?

7. What are the effects of floods?
After floods, roads, bridges, farms, houses and automobiles are destroyed.
The government deploys firemen, police and other emergency apparatuses to help the affected. All these come at a heavy cost to people and the government. 
The environment also suffers when floods happen. Chemicals and other hazardous substances end up in the water and eventually contaminate the water bodies that floods end up in.
What are the effects of floods?

8. Any other effects of floods?
Many people and animals have died in flash floods. Many more are injured and others made homeless.
Water supply and electricity are disrupted and people struggle and suffer as a result. 
Flooding brings a lot of diseases and infections including military fever, pneumonic plague, dermatopathia and dysentery.
Sometimes insects and snakes make their ways to the area and cause a lot of havoc.
Any other effects of floods?

9. What can be the positive effect of flooding?
There is also something good about floods, especially those that occur in flood plains and farm fields.
Floodwaters carry lots of nutrients that are deposited in the plains.
Farmers love such soils, as they are perfect for cultivating some kinds of crops.
Though, the negative factor is much higher compared to the positive factor.
What can be the positive effect of flooding?

10. What were the effects of The J&K Floods?
Devastating floods in Jammu & Kashmir have caused an immediate loss of Rs 5,400-5,700 crore.
Throwing basic infrastructure like power, railways and communication in the state completely out of gear.
The initial estimated loss to hotels, trade, agriculture - horticulture, roads and bridges in the Jammu & Kashmir regions itself is Rs 2,630 crore.
Besides, high-cost infrastructure like railways, power and communication in the hilly terrain would have suffered a loss of about Rs 2,700-3,000 crore.
What were the effects of The J&K Floods?

11. http://timesofindia. indiatimes
Over-Rs-5000-crore-loss-to-JK-economy- due-to-floods- Assocham/articleshow/ cms
topics/hazards/flood/basics/causes
Bibliography