1. Space
The Elements of Art
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2. In terms of art, space is the area above, around, and within an object.
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3. With consideration to drawings and paintings, our goal is to create the illusion of space.
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4. Placement on the surface Detail Color and Value Linear Perspective
There are six ways to create the illusion of space on a 2-dimensional surface.
Overlapping
Size
Placement on the surface
Detail
Color and Value
Linear Perspective
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5. Overlapping occurs when objects that are closer to the viewer prevent the view of objects that are behind them.
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6. Objects that are smaller will appear further away from the viewer.
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7. Objects placed higher on the picture plane will appear further away.
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8. Objects that are further away should have less detail than objects that are closer.
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9. Objects that are further away are cooler in color temperature.
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10. Objects that are further away are lighter in value.
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11. Linear perspective is a drawing method that uses lines to create the illusion of space on a flat surface.
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12. One point perspective uses one vanishing point to accomplish this illusion.
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13. The first step in one point perspective is to define the horizon line.
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14. The horizon line divides the sky from the ground
The horizon line divides the sky from the ground. It can also be the “eye level” of the viewer.
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15. Next, define the vanishing point on the horizon line
Next, define the vanishing point on the horizon line. The vanishing point is the point placed on the horizon line where objects begin to disappear because of distance.
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16. Next, the shape of the object is drawn
Next, the shape of the object is drawn. Most commonly, a geometric shape is drawn. Organic objects can be “carved out” of a geometric shape.
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17. Lines are drawn from all four corners back to the vanishing point.
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18. Next, a smaller rectangle is drawn so that each corner touches a line that was drawn in the previous step.
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19. Lines that are no longer needed can be erased to reveal a cube.
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20. Two point perspective uses two vanishing points to create the illusion of space.
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21. Two vanishing points are placed on the horizon line.
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22. Next, the corner of the object is drawn between the two vanishing points.
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23. Lines are drawn from each end of the corner to one of the vanishing points.
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24. This is repeated on the other side of the corner to the other vanishing point.
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25. Next, the ends of the cube are defined by drawing vertical lines.
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26. A line is drawn from the edge of one of the back corners of the cube to the opposite vanishing point.
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27. This is repeated for the opposite corner.
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28. Lines that were used as guides can be erased, revealing a 3-D cube.
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29. Perspective Drawing Exercises
Draw a small city using one point perspective. Include a fence and a line of trees.
Draw a box above the horizon line and one below using two point perspective.
Draw your name using two point perspective
Draw a 3-dimensional maze using two point perspective.
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