1. Types of Chemical Reactions
5 Categories
Formation
Decomposition
Combustion
Single Replacement
Double Replacement

2. Formation Reactions (synthesis)
2 elements combine to form a compound
X + Y = X
i.e. Na(s) + Cl2(g)  NaCl(s)
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g) H2(l) + O2(g)  2H2O(g)

3. Decomposition Reactions
one compound breaks down into two or more simpler compounds or elements (opposite of formation reactions)
XY  X + Y
2 H2O(l)  2H2(g) + O2(g) (electrolysis of H2O)

4. Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate
NH4NO3(s)  N2O(g) + 2H2O(g)

7. Hydrocarbon Combustion
A hydrocarbon (CnHn) (i.e. oil, fuel, natural gas) reacts with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide gas and water vapor and heat.
i.e. CH4(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g) + thermal energy

8. Complete Combustion
Complete combustion: plenty of O2(g) – all hydrocarbons burned to CO2(g) and H2O(g)

9. Incomplete Combustion: not enough O2(g) for complete combustion
• products are CO2(g) + H2O(g) + carbon soot + CO(g)
• carbon monoxide – colorless, odorless, highly toxic gas
• CO(g)bonds 200x more strongly than O2(g) to hemoglobin, can be fatal (suffocation)
• So NEVER operate fuel-burning apparatus without proper ventilation

10. Single and Double Replacement
See your notes or pg in your textbook