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Nuclear Chem Notes Nuclear Chemistry: Study of nucleus in further detail. Radioactivity: process by which nuclei give off particles and rays. Radiation: rays and particles given off by the nuclei (radioactive source) Radioisotope: unstable isotopes of elements
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What happens? Unstable nuclei want to be stable
They undergo major changes to become stable As they undergo these changes, they emit radiation.
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Types of Radioactive Decay
Type of Decay Symbol Particle (y or n) Relative Size&speed Stopped by Atomic Symbol Example Alpha (ionizing) Beta (neg.) (pos.) -positron- Gamma Large &slow yes 21084 Po Pb + 42 He Paper 42 He 0-1 e 146 C 147 N e - yes med. Wood 0+1 e 3919 K 3918 Ar e + yes med. Al foil 00 With or No (energy) Small & fast Lead Shield 23892U23490Th+42He+00
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Half-Life Time required for one-half the nuclei of a radioisotope sample to decay to products. What does that mean? After every half-life, half of a sample will remain and half will have changed into a more stable isotope.
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Half-Life for C-14
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