1. INTELLIGENCE
Thorndike “ the power of good responses from the point of view of truth or fact”
Wagnon “ the capacity to learn and adjust”
Terman “an individual is intelligent in the proportion that he is able to carry on abstract thinking”

2. What intelligence is not?
Knowledge
Talent
Memory
Skill

3. Characteristics An innate natural power; not acquired
Differs from individual to individual
Helps in learning
Helps in making adjustment
Helps in solving problems
Heredity influences intelligence
Environment , education affect intelligence
No difference in intelligence due to gender.

4. Intelligent Behaviour
Use of Past Experiences
Easy Adjustment
Convergent as well as Divergent Thinking
Broader Point of View
Ability to Learn
Ability to Reason
Awareness
Goal/ Aim
Individual Differences:
Gender
Racial Differences
Cultural Differences

5. Intelligent Quotient (I.Q.)
William Stern (1914), A German Psychologist
I. Q.= X 100
M.A
C.A
140 or above
90-109
80-89
70-79
69 & below
Very Superior
Superior
Bright
Average/ Normal
Dull/ Backward
Very Dull
Feeble Minded

6. Factors that can influence Intelligence
Education
Socio-economic factors
Culture
Environment
Residential area
Organizational Climate
Age

7. Spearman’s Two Factor Theory(1923)
Each intellectual activity involves a general factor ‘g’ and a specific factor ‘s’
‘g’: shared with all intellectual activities
‘s’: belongs to the activity alone
Amount of ‘g’ in a person depends upon the energy available in the person. How much of this energy one utilizes depends upon the motivation, available environment and past experiences
‘s’: specific capabilities/ability to deal with specific problem
‘g’ + ‘s’

8. Group Factor Theory- L.L. Thurston
Certain mental operations have a common primary factor which gives functional utility and which differentiate these operations from other mental operations.
These mental operations constitute a group factor
Each group of mental abilities has its own primary factor:

9. Verbal Factor(V): Comprehension of verbal relations, words and ideas
Spatial Factor(S): Imagination of objects in space
Numerical Factor(N): ability to do numerical calculations rapidly and accurately
Memory Factor(M)
Word Fluency Factor(W)
Inductive Reasoning Factor (RI): ability to draw conclusions
Deductive Reasoning Factor (RD): ability to make use of generalized result
Perceptual Factor (P): ability to perceive accurately
Problem Solving Ability Factor (PS)

10. Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence
Challenged the notion of general intelligence ‘g’
Linguistic Intelligence
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Spatial Intelligence
Musical Intelligence
Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence
Intra-personal Intelligence
Inter-personal Intelligence

11. Guilford’s Model OPERATIONS CONTENTS PRODUCTS Evaluation (E)
Figural Factor (F)
Units (U)
Convergent Thinking (C)
Symbolic (S)
Classes (R)
Divergent Thinking (D)
Semantic (M)
System (S)
Memory (M)
Behavioural (B)
Transformation (T)
Cognition (C)
Implementation (I)