1. Residential School Legacy
A Shameful Event In Canadian History

2. Where Were They? Residential Schools were located all across Canada.
In total there were 130 schools located across Canada.

3. Background
From 1830 to 1996, Indian children were forcibly removed from their homes and taken to residential schools operated by religious orders. Some of these schools were situated right on reserves but most of the schools were far away from schools’ drawing area. Even though some residential schools were on reserves, the children attending these schools were not allowed to see their parents, relatives, or community members that lived on the reserve. The goal was to assimilate the children into white society.

4. The Schools
The schools were located in almost every province in Canada. Except for PEI, New Brunswick and Newfoundland.
There were 130 of them.
Most schools closed by the mid 1970’s.
The last school closed in 1996.

5. Attending The Schools
The Indian Act stated it was mandatory for status Indians to attend residential school.
Children as young as 6 would be removed from their families to attend school.
They would have to stay their for 10 months every year.

6. They Could Not… Speaking their own languages was forbidden.
They could not practice any of their cultural activities.
They could not speak to other family members.
If they did any of these things they would get physically punished.

7. When They Arrived…
The students were only given one set of school clothes and one set of work clothes.
The students were assigned daily chores.
They were forced to get their hair cut very short, even for girls.
The children got their names changed and they had to go by the names the staff gave them.

8. All Of The Beds Were Very Close Together

9. Classrooms

10. These Images Show A Young Boy Before And After Attending
Residential School.

11. Quote from 1920
“I want to get rid of the Indian problem. Our object is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada that has not been absorbed into the pody politic, and there is no Indian question, and no Indian department … They are a weird and waning race … ready to break out at any moment in savage dances.”
-Stated by Duncan Campbell Scott – Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs

12. Some Children Never Returned Home
Some of the children ran away and never returned.
When there was a virus going around a lot of children caught it because of the poor living conditions.
This is a picture of a girl who never
returned home, she passed away
when cholera struck the her school in
1907.

13. The Survivors
A lot of them missed their families and wanted to go home
Some even tried to run away, most were found and returned to school
Many suffered physical, emotional, and sexual abuse

14. Today
In 2008, The Canadian Government, Assembly of First Nations and the Churches have agreed to sign a “Agreement in Principal” to financially apologize to the survivors.
The payment the survivors get ($1.9 billion in total) is based on how many years they attended school.
Many survivors are still looking for healing while others do not like to talk about their experiences at residential school.
The payments the survivors get, does not erase the wrong- doing that the federal government and churches did.

15. Rita Joe Biography
Spent her childhood on a Mi’kmaq Reserve on Cape Breton Island
Lived with foster families
Sent to Shubenacadie Indian Residential School on mainland Nova Scotia when she was 12
Later married and raised 10 children

16. Biography Continued
Rita Joe recalled being told constantly, at the residential school, “You’re no good.”
She began writing to challenge these negative messages.
In the prologue to her memoir, Rita Joe states:
“My greatest wish is that there will be more writing from my people, and that our children will read it. I have said again and again that our history would be different if it had been expressed by us.”

17. I Lost My Talk
I lost my talk The talk you took away. When I was a little girl At Shubenacadie school.
You snatched it away: I speak like you I think like you I create like you The scrambled ballad, about my world.
Two ways I talk Both ways I say, Your way is more powerful.
So gently I offer my hand and ask, Let me find my talk So I can teach you about me.