1. 1-1 Themes of Biology Six unifying themes How energy is acquired
Compare/contrast living vs. non-living things

2. BIOLOGY
Biology “science of life” is the study of ALL living things from unicellular organisms (too small to see with the naked eye) to interactions among millions of organisms.

3. BIOLOGY
40 million species inhabit the Earth but only 2 million have been identified
First organism was probably unicellular and about 3.5 billion years ago. These lasted for millions of years alone. Then over time, we have what we see today

4. 6 Major Biological Themes (ICHORE)
1. Cell structure and function
2. stability and Homeostasis
3. Reproduction and inheritance
4. Evolution
5. Interdependence of organisms
6.matter, energy and Organization

5. Cell Structure and Function
Cell-basic unit of life. All organisms are made of cells. Unicellular is 1 cell and multicellular is more than 1 cell. Cells have different functions. Cells are small but highly organized and they contain information to carry on life’s processes.
Surrounded by membrane. Inside cell is set of instructions (genetic material) necessary to make new cells.
Unicellular organisms produce exact organisms. Multicellular organisms go through cell differentiation to produce new cells, which are different.

6. Stability and Homeostasis
Stable level of internal conditions is homeostasis. Found in all living things. Human body temperature is F or 370 C.

7. Reproduction and Inheritance
Reproduction is to produce new organisms like themselves. Hereditary information is passed on. This is in the form of a large molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA in 1 human would extend several feet. Humans have 50 trillion cells.

8. Reproduction and Inheritance
A short segment of DNA that contains instructions for development of a single trait is called a gene.
sexual reproduction: combining hereditary information from two organisms of same species to form 1 new offspring that contains the hereditary information of both. EX. Sperm with egg

9. Reproduction and Inheritance
Asexual reproduction: hereditary information from different organisms is not combined. 1 cell gives rise to 2 cells with exact identical copy of hereditary information. EX. Bacteria and single cell algae.

10. Evolution To change over generations
Natural selection is the driving force in evolution. Those, which have the best traits, are better able to reproduce and pass these traits on

11. Interdependence of Organisms
Ecology is the study of interactions of organisms with one another and their environment. Small ecosystems (a spider and its web) to a large ecosystem (the rain forest).

12. Interdependence of Organisms
The rain forest has fragile topsoil but very stable environments. Humans are destroying the rain forest. They cut and burn the trees, they build roads, and they use it for farmland. This all causes plants and animals to become extinct, it depletes the topsoil of minerals and causes it to dry up and harden under the heat of the sun and oxygen is replaced by carbon dioxide.
Use to be 6 million square miles in the 90’s but 55,000 square miles are destroyed each year. At this rate, the rain forest could be gone in 100 years.

13. Interdependence of Organisms
Products from the rain forest include: rubber, coffee, fruits and nuts, wood for furniture (teak and mahogany), wood for paper.

14. Matter, Energy and Organization
All living things need a constant supply of energy.
Photosynthesis is light to put together. To capture energy from the sun and change it to a usable source

15. Autotrophs Organisms that obtain energy by making their own food.
EX. Plants convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and starches.

16. Heterotrophs Organisms that must take in food to make their energy.
EX. All animals, some fungi and many unicellular organisms.
Must consume autotrophs or other heterotrophs

17. Living vs. Non-living
Living things, even the smallest (algae) are more advanced than non-living things (salt crystals, rock crystals)
Living things have greater organization, greater stability, greater growth, more energy use and better reproduction.