1. Chapter 7: The Rise of Europe (500-1300)
Chapter Focus:
How did feudalism, the manor economy, and the Church shape life in Western Europe as the region slowly developed a new medieval culture?

2. 7.1 – The Early Middle Ages Focus: How did Germanic tribes divide Western Europe into small kingdoms?
Rome collapses*
Western Europe declines*( )
Politically
Socially
Economically
“Dark Ages”*
Invasions*
Trade slowed*
Towns empty*
Learning declines*

3. Medieval (Latin for “middle ages”)* – culture
7.1 – The Early Middle Ages
Middle Ages ( )
Between ancient and modern times
Medieval (Latin for “middle ages”)* – culture
Blend of Greco-Roman, Germanic, & Christianity

4. Germanic tribes divide Western Europe* (400-700)
7.1 – The Early Middle Ages
Germanic tribes divide Western Europe* ( )
Goths, Vandals, Saxons, Franks*
No written laws
No cities
Farmers & herders
Elect king – loyalty for weapons

5. 7.1 – The Early Middle Ages Clovis – Frankish king
Conquers Gaul
Converts to Christianity
Battle of Tours (732)
Charles Martel commander of Frankish armies
Defeats Muslims; halts Muslim advance into Europe

6. Charlemagne “Charles the Great”* (768)
7.1 – The Early Middle Ages
Charlemagne “Charles the Great”* (768)
King of Franks*
Unites Western Europe*(France, Germany, part of Italy)
United Christian Empire*
Allied with Pope Leo III
Sent missionaries
Encouraged education

8. 7.1 – Early Middle Ages Charlemagne’s Death* Treaty of Verdun*
Grandson’s split empire into 3 regions* (Lothair, Charles, Louis)

9. 7.1 – The Early Middle Ages Vikings Scandinavia
Independent farmers, destructive raiders, traders, & explorers

10. 7.2 – Feudalism & the Manor Economy Focus: How did feudalism and the manor economy emerge and shape medieval life?
Feudalism*
Organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords*

12. 7.2 – Feudalism & the Manor Economy
Vassal – lesser lord*
Pledges loyalty & military service* (40 days)
Pledge – Feudal Contract*
Receives land from lord
Land (estate) – fief*

14. 7.2 – Feudalism & the Manor Economy
Knight – mounted warrior*
Train young boys (age 7)
Tournaments – mock battles*
Chivalry – code of conduct* (brave, loyal, protect the weak)

17. 7.2 – Feudalism & the Manor Economy
Castles
High walls, towers, drawbridges, moats
Protect many (war)

21. 7.2 – Feudalism & the Manor Economy
Noblewomen
Lady of the manor
Active role
Troubadour*
wandering musician*

22. 7.2 – Feudalism & the Manor Economy
Manor – the lord’s estate*
Serfs – bound to the land*
Can’t be bought or sold*
Permission to leave
Lord gave: food, housing, protection, & land
Serfs gave: labor on manor, fees

24. 7.2 – Feudalism & the Manor Economy
Self sufficient – food, clothing, furniture, tools
Peasant Life
Harsh – age 35
Disease
Diet – vegetables & bread
Livestock slept inside

25. 7.3 – The Medieval Church Focus: How did the Church play a vital role in medieval life?
Late Middle Ages
Western Europe – Christian civilization
Non-Christians viewed with suspicion

27. Christian beliefs part of everyday life
7.3 – The Medieval Church
Christian beliefs part of everyday life
Sacraments – sacred rights of the church; priest administers (baptism)*
Lead to salvation
Church – social center of village
Tithe – church tax (tenth of income)*

28. 7.3 – The Medieval Church Cathedrals (church) Managed by bishops
Gothic architecture
Church members – money, labor, skills

29. 7.3 – The Medieval Church Church Doctrine Men & women equal before God
Weak
Sin
Protect: ex) minimum age for marriage
Harsher punishments

30. Monasteries & Convents
7.3 – The Medieval Church
Monasteries & Convents
Devote lives to spiritual goals
work, worship, study
Hospital, School
Benedictine Rule* (530)
Rules to regulate monastic life*
Vows:
Obedience
Poverty
Purity

31. 7.3 – The Medieval Church Convent - nuns
Opportunity for education/freedom
Withdraw some rights*
Listen to confession
Preach
Stay for mass

32. 7.3 – The Medieval Church Church Papal Supremacy* Spiritual
Secular (worldly)*
Papal Supremacy*
Claimed by medieval popes – authority over all rulers, including kings and queens

33. 7.3 – The Medieval Church Canon Law* Excommunication* Interdict*
Laws of the Christian church
Excommunication*
Can not receive sacraments or church burial – hell for eternity
Interdict*
Excluding entire town, region, or kingdom
Caused revolts – forced rulers to obey

34. Friars* – monks that travel - preach St. Francis of Assisi*
7.3 – The Medieval Church
Corruption
Marry, gamble, luxury
Reform
Outlaw marriage
Prohibits simony – selling church offices*
Friars* – monks that travel - preach
St. Francis of Assisi*
Franciscans – first order of friars*

35. 7.3 – The Medieval Church Jews Prejudice increases
Christians suspicious – don’t understand culture
Migrate to Eastern Europe

36. Agricultural Revolution (~1000)* Technology*
7.4 – Economic Recovery Sparks Change Focus: How did changes in agriculture and trade lead to the growth of towns and commerce.
Agricultural Revolution (~1000)*
Technology*
Iron plow
Harness* – horse not oxen
Faster – larger fields, more crops
Production*
Clear forests, drain swamps – more land
Three-field system* – more food
Population
: population of Europe triples

37. 7.4 – Economic Recovery Sparks Change
Feudal warfare & foreign invasion decline*
Trade routes expand – armed caravans
Trade fairs*
Near rivers
Intersection of busy trade routes

38. 7.4 – Economic Recovery Sparks Change
Medieval cities
Richest: northern Italy & Flanders (north-south trade route)
Charter* – a written document that set out the rights and privileges of the town
Advantage: Allowed for self-government

39. 7.4 – Economic Recovery Sparks Change
Trade revived  use of money increased*
Capital* – money for investment
Credit – delay payment
Partnerships*
lessened investment risk of each partner
Tenant farmers*
paid rent for their land (serfs – labor)

40. 7.4 – Economic Recovery Sparks Change
Middle Class – between nobles and peasants (merchants, traders, & artisans)*
Guilds – associations to represent and protect economic interests of workers in a specific occupation*
Apprentice* – trainee (age 7-8)
Labor for food & housing
Journeyman* – salaried workers

41. 7.4 – Economic Recovery Sparks Change
Town and City Life
Creation and trade of goods
Exchange of ideas
Crowded* - move outside city walls
No sewer system*
Disease*
Taller houses*

42. 7.4 – Economic Recovery Sparks Change