1. Middle East: Changing Economic and Social Patterns

2. What causes economic and social change in the Middle East?

3. Modernization Four Goals
Changes in a nation that enable it to set up a stable government and produce a high level of goods and services

4. 1. After independence a major goal of Middle Eastern nations was to reduce European economic influences.
Socialism: a system in which the government owns and operates major businesses and controls other parts of the economy –
nationalized industries: acquisition and operation of a business formerly owned privately/foreign owned =mixed successes
Today: Government takes leading role: directing economic growth and privatized some nationalized industries

5. 2. Population growth poses a challenge to modernization in the Middle East.
Population explosion has strained resources: limited farmland and water
Family planning program initiated by gov’t

6. 3. Governments have worked to modernized agriculture in the Middle East.
goal to increase cash crop output = increase income
new water supplies – Irrigation; desalination plants, Aswan High Dam
Land reform: redistribution of land
Green Revolution: use of technology to improve agriculture

7. 4. Oil has played an important role in the Middle East.
near 60% of world’s oil reserves – some nations have prospered – unevenly distributed
Guest workers
OPEC: influences world markets (cartel)
formed to control production, competition, and prices
Helps nations modernize
US and Foreign Oil Link

8. 5. Middle Eastern cities have undergone rapid growth.
urbanization because of population explosion and hope for better life
Youth adapt better to the change in customs from rural to city – Generational conflict
compete for limited jobs
shantytowns

9. Slums of Ein El Sira

10. 6. The status of women in Middle Eastern societies is changing.
Varies
new opportunities in cities: work/education
Choose between economic opportunities and loyalty to traditional ways of life

11. Varies Show 60 Minutes DVD Saudi Women – 13 mins
2015: women are supposed to be given right o vote and hold local office
Bikes and Saudi Women Video 2mins
Malala - Videos
Daily Show (16 mins) - NY Times
Religious Police Article – Dare to Drive TED
Behind the Veil: What Life Is REALLY Like for Women in the Middle East – Link to video – Abroad – 7 minutes
Saudi women Struggle Website – Driving Ban Link
No woman No Drive
Saudi suffragettes: Women register to vote for the first time in Saudi Arabia – Article Link – Link 2015
Obstacles to Saudi women Registering – Link
As Saudi Arabia's Love Of Online Gaming Grows, Developers Bloom – Link
For Young Saudi Women, Video Games Offer Self-Expression - link

12. More Resources
Saudi Women vote in election for first time with a few videos: 2015
After election: What is the future for Saudi Women? Several articles
Saudi Arabia strips religious police of arrest power

13. 7. Middle Eastern nations have placed great emphasis on education.
since 1950’s: great progress
Oil money helped
More boys than girls
More urban than rural
Population explosion strains on educational resources
essential to a nation’s population to reduce economic dependence on the West and promote modernization

14. What caused the economic and social changes in the Middle East?
Modernization