1. Oil Pollution
Intro
IMD/ Pollution Prevention, Enforcement, Pollution Removal.
M/V New Carissa was a freighter that ran aground on a beach near Coos Bay, Oregon, United States, during a storm in February 1999 and subsequently broke apart 70,000 gal

2. LAWS Oil Pollution River and Harbors Act of 1899 (Refuse Act)
Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (FWPCA)
Clean Water Act of 1977 (CWA)
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA)
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
Oil Pollution Act (OPA 90) of 1990

3. Clean Water Act (CWA) & 40 CFR 110
Oil Pollution
Clean Water Act (CWA) & 40 CFR 110
Oil Pollution Act (OPA)
Discharge
Spilling, Leaking, Pumping, Pouring, Emitting, Emptying, or Dumping.
CWA § 311 prohibits the discharge of oil into navigable waters, on adjoining shorelines, or affecting natural resource belonging to the United States in such quantities as are determined by the EPA to be harmful.
110.3 Discharge of oil in such quantities as “may be harmful” pursuant to section 311(b)(4) of the Act.
For purposes of section 311(b)(4) of the Act, discharges of oil in such quantities that the Administrator has determined may be harmful to the public health or welfare or the environment of the United States include discharges of oil that:
(a) Violate applicable water quality standards; or
(b) Cause a film or sheen upon or discoloration of the surface of the water or adjoining shorelines or cause a sludge or emulsion to be deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon adjoining shorelines.
“Discharge” Broadly defined as any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping of oil or hazardous substances
“Oil” includes oil of any kind including petroleum, fuel oil, oil refuse, sludge, and oil mixed with wastes other than dredged spoils
The EPA has determined that a “harmful quantity” of oil is an amount that, when discharged, violates state water quality standards, causes a film or sheen on the surface of the water, or causes a sludge to be deposited beneath the surface
Harmful Quantity
Sheen, Film, Sludge or Emulsification.

4. Oil Pollution Rainbow sheen is the most common and most noticeable.
Film looks less threatening and can be confused with natuarly occuring film.
Sludge can have a specific gravity around or below that of water (01) and is common with thicker oils.

5. Detergents Oil Pollution
The Clean Water Act (33 CFR ) also prohibits the use of soaps or other dispersing agents to dissipate oil on the water or in the bilge without the permission of the Coast Guard. Soaps, emulsifiers and dispersants cause the petroleum to sink in the water column and mix with sediments where they will remain for years. Also, the soaps themselves are pollutants. You may be fined up to $25,000 per incident for the unauthorized use of soap or other dispersing agents on the water or in the bilge.
They can have poisonous effects in all types of aquatic life: All detergents destroy the external mucus layers that protect the fish from bacteria and parasites,
Detergents can cause severe damage to fish gills,
Soap and detergents can affect the critters fish eat, such as insects, by disrupting their cell membranes and by removing the protective waxes that cover the insects, causing them to die due to excess water loss.
Soaps and detergents cause other problems: Detergents lower the surface tension of the water, making it hard for aquatic insects like water striders to float on the surface.
They can leave fish and other critters starved for air. Detergent binds up oxygen to form bubbles. Yes, the bubbles are bad for fish. Phosphates in detergents also can lead to freshwater algal blooms. These blooms reduce available oxygen that fish need in waterways because, when algae decompose, they use up the oxygen. Lower dissolved oxygen can also change the chemistry of the sediments under water, releasing toxins that harm aquatic life.

6. Oil Pollution Complicating cleanup
The soap did not clean up the fuel spill. In fact, the soap (and the fact that the spill was not reported promptly) complicated things and made readily-available methods of picking up the oil ineffective. That's because detergent breaks up oil puddles into very small bits by surrounding it with molecules of water soluble compounds. When the water soluble compounds are dissolved in water they take the oil with them. That just spreads the oil around. And that meant we had to rely on evaporation and natural degradation The "readily available methods" that were rendered ineffective include: Using absorbent materials like pads, sweep and boom that that attract oil and do not absorb water.
Vacuuming up oil with a suction head on a hose connected to a tank truck.
Skimming oil off the surface using mechanical means.

7. Reporting NRC 1-800-424-8802 Oil Pollution 40CFR110.6
Report your spills
If you cause a spill, the best action you can take is to report it immediately by calling Prompt reporting of oil spills is important because the sooner responders are notified, the sooner they can work to minimize potential harm to the environment. Some people fear that reporting a spill will cause them to receive a fine. However, failure to report a spill (if you are responsible for the spill) actually causes people to have more liability because: It can delay response to the spill and increase the impact the spill has
Not notifying responders in a timely fashion increases your chances of receiving a penalty, or fine.
Soap? Nope!
The bottom line: Soap isn’t the solution when it comes to keeping our waterways clean.
Any person in charge of a vessel or of an onshore or offshore facility shall, as soon as he or she has knowledge of any discharge of oil from such vessel or facility in violation of section 311(b)(3) of the Act, immediately notify the National Response Center (NRC) (
All such reports shall be promptly relayed to the NRC. If it is not possible to notify the NRC or the predesignated OCS immediately, reports may be made immediately to the nearest Coast Guard unit, provided that the person in charge of the vessel or onshore or offshore facility notifies the NRC as soon as possible.

8. Enforcement Oil Pollution Letter of Warning (LOW)
Should you choose to decline this warning, civil penalty proceedings will initiate.
Enforcement
Letter of Warning (LOW)
Notice of Violation (NOV)
Civil Penalties
LOW in lieu of civil penalties
No verbal Warning
No Letters of Concern
Used to educate the public and save man hours.
NOV (up to $10,000)
Civil penalties ($40,000 a day per violation) .

9. GRAYWATER MANAGEMENT FOR COMMERCIAL VESSELS ON THE GREAT LAKES
Oil Pollution
GRAYWATER MANAGEMENT FOR COMMERCIAL VESSELS ON THE GREAT LAKES
Under CWA section 312, graywater discharges generated onboard commercial vessels operating on the Great Lakes must be treated through an MSD prior to discharge, or be held in on-board storage tanks and discharged to shore-side facilities.

10. GRAYWATER MANAGEMENT FOR MEDIUM CRUISE SHIPS AND LARGE FERRIES
Oil Pollution
GRAYWATER MANAGEMENT FOR MEDIUM CRUISE SHIPS AND LARGE FERRIES
Under the VGP, medium cruise ships (authorized to carry 100 to 499 people for hire) must use appropriate reception facilities for graywater while pierside, unless the vessel treats graywater with a device that will achieve the discharge standards. If appropriate reception facilities are not available and the vessel cannot treat graywater to the discharge standard, then the vessel must hold graywater and discharge while the vessel is underway and outside 1 nautical mile from shore. Large ferries must use appropriate reception facilities for graywater when pierside, or hold the graywater if the vessel has the holding capacity and discharge the effluent while the vessel is underway and sailing at a speed of at least 6 knots, if feasible.

11. No Discharge Zones Oil Pollution
How is an area designated as an NDZ under the CWA?
The State determines that the water body requires greater environmental protection, and EPA finds that adequate pump-out facilities are available.
EPA, upon application by the State, determines that the protection and enhancement of the water body requires establishment of an NDZ.
Drinking Water Intake Zones.
. Section 312 of the Clean Water Act sets out the principal framework for domestically regulating sewage discharges from vessels, and is implemented jointly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard. “Sewage” is defined under the Clean Water Act as “human body wastes and the waste from toilets and other receptacles intended to receive or retain body wastes”, and includes graywater discharges from commercial vessels (as defined at 33 U.S.C. 1322(a)(10)) operating on the Great Lakes
How is an area designated as an NDZ under the CWA?
The CWA lists three circumstances where a State may initiate the process to establish an NDZ:
The State determines that the water body requires greater environmental protection, and EPA finds that adequate pump-out facilities are available.
EPA, upon application by the State, determines that the protection and enhancement of the water body requires establishment of an NDZ.
Drinking Water Intake Zones.

12. Oil Pollution Lake Erie New York State Canal System Long Island Sound
Oyster Bay/Cold Spring Harbor Complex
Greater Huntington - Northport Bay Complex
Peconic Estuary and East Hampton
Hempstead Harbor
Port Jefferson Harbor Complex
Hudson River
South Shore Estuary Reserve
Jamaica Bay
Lake Champlain
Lake George
Lake Ontario
Mamaroneck Harbor .

13. No Discharge - Lake Ontario, NY
Oil Pollution
No Discharge - Lake Ontario, NY
The New York State portion of Lake Ontario including the waters of the Lake within the New York State boundary, stretching from the Niagara River (including the Niagara River up to Niagara Falls) in the west, to Tibbetts Point at the Lake's outlet to the Saint Lawrence River in the east. Lake Ontario No Discharge Zone encompasses approximately 3,675 square miles and 326 linear shoreline miles, including the navigable portions of the Lower Genesee, Oswego, Black Rivers and numerous other tributaries and harbors, embayments of the Lake including Irondequoit Bay, Sodus Bay, North/South Ponds, Henderson Bay, Black River Bay and Chautmont Bay, and abundance of formally designa.ted habitats and waterways of local, state, and national significance.

14. No Discharge - Lake Erie, NY
Oil Pollution
No Discharge - Lake Erie, NY
The no discharge zone for the New York State portion of Lake Erie is a 593 square mile area and 84 miles long that includes the waters of the lake from the Pennsylvania-New York State boundary, as well as the Upper Niagara River and numerous other tributaries, harbors and bays of the Lake, including Barcelona Harbor, Dunkirk Harbor and the Buffalo Outer Harbor.

15. New York State Canal System
Oil Pollution
New York State Canal System
. The waterways of the New York State Canal System No Discharge Zone, including the 524 linear miles of navigable waterways within the Erie, Oswego, Champlain, and Cayuga-Seneca canal segments, and including Onondaga, Oneida, and Cross Lakes

16. Oil Pollution
No Discharge Zones
water.epa.gov

17. Oil Pollution
Questions