1. Intermountain West Data Warehouse – Western Air Quality Study (IWDW-WAQS)
A Web System Application Framework for use of Remote Sensing Obs in Air Quality Planning
Tom Moore
WESTAR-WRAP

2. Databases Websites Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS/ARD
Federal Land Manager
Environmental Database
(FED)
Partners: NPS, USFS
Databases
Websites
Software
Hardware
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
(IWDW)
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: EPA, AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

3. Database Website Software Hardware
Databases
Schema design
Data import & update
Administration
Query design
Relational database:
800,000,000 records
62 air quality networks
63 water quality networks
24 modeling and satellite datasets
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS
Federal Land Manager Environmental Database
Partners: NPS, USFS
Database
Website
Software
Hardware
File server:
~107 Terabytes of online data
~100 Terabytes of offline data
~85 Terabytes downloaded/transferred
7 complete modeling platforms
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

4. Databases Website Software Hardware
Website design
Web hosting
Tool development
Web services
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS
Federal Land Manager Environmental Database
Partners: NPS, USFS
Databases
Website
Software
Hardware
Websites:
FED
SEMAP
IWDW
NPSCAT
TSS
IMPROVE
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

5. Databases Websites Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS
Federal Land Manager Environmental Database
Partners: NPS, USFS
Databases
Websites
Software
Hardware
Software
Data access libraries
Data manipulation
Visualization tools
Data analysis
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

6. Databases Websites Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS
Federal Land Manager Environmental Database
Partners: NPS, USFS
Databases
Websites
Software
Hardware
Hardware
Server configuration
Server maintenance
Networking
Troubleshooting & repair
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

7. Databases Websites Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS
Federal Land Manager
Environmental Database
(FED)
Partners: NPS, USFS
Databases
Websites
Software
Hardware
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
(IWDW)
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: EPA, AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

8. Database Websites Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS
Federal Land Manager
Environmental Database
(FED)
Partners: NPS, USFS
Database
Websites
Software
Hardware
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

9. Database Website Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS
Federal Land Manager Environmental Database
Partners: NPS, USFS
Database
Website
Software
Hardware
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: EPA, AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

10. Database Website Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS
Federal Land Manager Environmental Database
Partners: NPS, USFS
Database
Website
Software
Hardware
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
(IWDW)
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

11. IWDW-WAQS nested 36/12/4-km WRF/CAMx and CMAQ domains

12. Database Website Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS/ARD
Federal Land Manager Environmental Database
Partners: NPS, USFS
Database
Website
Software
Hardware
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

13. Databases Websites Software Hardware
NPS Air Quality Conditions & Trends Tools
(nps.gov)
Partners: NPS/ARD
Federal Land Manager
Environmental Database
(FED)
Partners: NPS, USFS
Databases
Websites
Software
Hardware
Intermountain West
Data Warehouse
(IWDW)
Partners: NPS, BLM, USFS, EPA, CO, WY, UT, NM
Southeastern
Modeling, Analysis, and Planning
(SEMAP)
Partners: EPA, AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

14. NASA ROSES 2007:
Decision Support through Earth Science Research Results
Improving an Air Quality Decision Support System through the Integration of Satellite Data
with Ground-based, Modeled, and Emissions Data
Uma Shankar (UNC) and Shawn McClure (CIRA/CSU) - co-PIs
Many collaborators, including Bret Schichtel (NPS) & Tom Moore (WESTAR-WRAP) at CIRA
Completed May 2011

15. Simplified, CIRA-specific project goal
Make it easier to…
find
visualize
query
download
…satellite and modeled data in conjunction with ground-based data

16. Fulfilling our goal: Getting the data – circa 2011

17. Fulfilling our goal: Getting the data – going forward

18. Other, Emerging Remote Sensing Platforms
Fulfilling our goal: Getting the data – into the future
Other, Emerging Remote
Sensing Platforms

19. Fulfilling our goal: Importing and integrating the data

20. Discovery, retrieval, and exchange of data and metadata
VIEWS/TSS (now IWDW) Interoperability: Services and standards
“Interoperability”: The ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together to exchange and utilize information.
To facilitate, VIEWS and now IWDW offers the following services and features:
Discovery, retrieval, and exchange of data and metadata
On-the-fly transformation and formatting of data and metadata
Upload and management of user-supplied data and metadata
Generation of visualization and analysis products
Availability of “embeddable” components and tools
Support of OGC web standards for spatial data exchange

21. NAAQS Implementation and Maintenance Exceptional Events
Data for future infrastructure and transport SIPs
Exceptional Events
Develop technical support data and analysis protocols
Implementation of Regional Haze SIPs
Identify and execute technical work needed for plans
Needs of sub-regional groups of states
Currently oil and gas, fire
Similar efforts in past – dust, BART, other topics
WRAP Board of Directors
Technical Steering Committee
Work Groups
Project Teams
WRAP Staff

23. Several other modeling efforts boundary/background by others
Modeling of U.S. Background / Boundary Conditions:
MOZART
GEOS-Chem
(AM3, others)
Observations vs. Boundary Condition / Background Monthly Mean MDA8 Ozone
Animations of Modeled Daily Max Concentrations
Background contribution
Difference plots for background minus
U.S. sources
O3, NOx, CO, PM2.5
Animations of Daily Max Concentrations - Ozone , SO4, and Dust Boundary Tracers
Boundary conditions plots:
O3, Ox (O3+NO+NO2+PAN)
Coarse Dust (CCRS), Fine PM (FPRM+FCRS)
Data Warehouse and Modeling Center
Several other modeling efforts boundary/background by others

24. next WAQS base & projection years’ modeling platform
Immediate future - Modeling Platform Development Elements
2014 base case emissions, met domain expansion
2014 NEIv1 and “best available” quasi-natural emissions
O&G comprehensive update north-south from AZ-NM to MT-ND basins
Met modeling at 4km for same north-south area and east-west KS-CO to UT-NV
2014 Global Models’ evaluation and assessment
Use as CONUS regional model boundary conditions
PM, Ozone, other species
Develop and document evaluation methods
2014 base case air quality modeling /evaluation
Apply criteria used in earlier IWDW-WAQS evaluations
Transfer files to IWDW, completeness and error check by re-run
Option for 2015/16 years – lighter base year modeling effort on inputs / evaluation
Future projection years
Anthropogenic emissions – 2023, 2028, other?
Quasi-natural emissions – scenarios for biogenics, fire, ammonia, et cetera
Option for modified future met based on climate change scenarios
Future years’ air quality modeling runs
Evaluate with MATS and pending Regional Haze reasonable progress goals
Serve as “No-Action” alternatives as inputs to NEPA studies

25. Background O3 Scientific Assessment Denver, March 28-29, 2017 Workshop
High ozone day in southern California
High ozone day in Gothic, Colorado
Photo of LA smog from citiesspeak.org
High ozone day in western U.S.

26. Sources of O3 in the Western U.S.
O3 Source
Meteorological
Characteristics
Chemical characteristics
CAA
Controllable
Local photochemical buildup
Stagnation, high temperatures.
CO/NOx/VOCs/PM consistent with local sources Y
Regional transport (domestic sources)
Regional transport from major source regions (e.g., California) - currently not well characterized
CO/NOy/VOCs consistent with upwind sources + chemistry
Upper trop/Lower strat intrusions (UTLS)
Post-cold front
Broad spatial distribution (high O3 in non-urban areas)
Very dry air. N
Very long-range transport (VLRT)
Important at higher elevation. Subsidence and mixing into the boundary layer can enhance local concentrations.
Dry.
Can be hard to distinguish from UTLS without good chemical data.
Wildfire smoke
Warm.
Can be stagnant or not. Can be regional or large distant fires.
Chemistry complex & different from typical urban.
O3 enhancements not always seen. O3-PM often poorly correlated. PM/CO/NOy always well correlated and ratios very different from typical urban.

27. Definitions
U.S. background O3 (USBO): O3 formed from all natural sources plus anthropogenic sources in countries outside the U.S., plus methane impacts.
North American Background (NAB) is defined as O3 formed from all natural sources plus anthropogenic sources in countries outside North America, plus methane impacts.
USB and NAB must be determined using chemical transport models or source apportionment.
Baseline O3: O3 measured at relatively remote sites that have little or no recent influence from US domestic emissions.
Non-Controllable O3 sources (NCOS): These are sources of O3, or its precursors, that could not be reasonably controlled by domestic legislation. Examples of NCOS are intrusions of stratospheric air or emissions from wildfires.
All of the terms above can be expressed as seasonal, monthly or daily means, maximum daily 8-hour averages (MDA8) or using other statistical metrics.

28. BOSA Core Team Prof. Dan Jaffe (University of Washington)
Dr. Owen Cooper (University of Colorado / NOAA ESRL)
Prof. Arlene Fiore (Columbia University)
Dr. Barron Henderson (EPA OAQPS)
Prof. Daven Henze (University of Colorado)
Dr. Andrew Langford (NOAA-ESRL)
Dr. Meiyun Lin (Princeton University / NOAA GFDL)
Dr. Gail Tonnesen (EPA Region 8)
Prof. Ted Russell (Georgia Institute of Technology)
Mr. Tom Moore (WESTAR-WRAP)
Our goal is submission of critical review paper to EST or other journal by end of Summer 2017.

29. Goals for the Denver Workshop
Provide a forum for broader input to the assessment from all knowledgeable experts;
Provide a forum for discussion of key uncertainties;
Identify new methods and tools that the core group might not be aware of;
Identify specific scientific publications that we may have missed;
Make specific recommendations for future research that the committee should consider.
Approximately 150 participants (~50% in-person/~50% online)
18 oral presentations + handful of posters
Extensive time for discussion.

30. Area Burned for U.S. Wildfires (NIFC)
The last decade has seen a significant increase in the area burned. Approximately 70% of these fires are in the Western U.S.

31. Western Class 1 area Environment
Alaska and Hawaii at reduced scale
PRELIMINARY DESIGN VALUE by COUNTY*
(using AQS data )
> PM Standard
> Ozone Standard
> Both PM 2.5 and
Ozone Standards
* Based on monitor with
highest value in county
Class 1 area
This slide puts the western Class 1 Area locations into context with the potential PM2.5 and ozone non-attainment areas across the country.
Please note that NAAQS data is from preliminary AQS data using the county as the smallest mapping unit.
The non-WESTAR states, shaded in gray, have fewer Class 1 Areas. Most of the eastern regions also have existing funded modeling centers, established to address prior non-attainment area modeling.
As the NAAQS standards are strengthened, more western states will need to do regional planning and modeling and find the resources to support new work.
Western region characterized by complex terrain, several climactic zones, oceanic and international source transport, dispersed population centers, large land mass, mix of nonattainment areas, unique geologic sources

32. State and federal cooperators – IWDW-WAQS
Acknowledgements
State and federal cooperators – IWDW-WAQS
Gail Tonnesen and Rebecca Matichuk, EPA R8
Shawn McClure & Rodger Ames, CIRA
Ralph Morris and colleagues, Ramboll-Environ
Zac Adelman and colleagues, UNC