1. 10th World Studies 5.18.17 Today’s Agenda: Conferences
Turn in:
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Take out :
Planner/Calendar
Note-taking device
Today’s Learning Objectives:
I can describe the events of a battle or operation of WWII and its impact on Europe.
Today’s Agenda:
Conferences
There’s just so many…
Let’s revisit Yalta
HW:
***CRA Conference Readings—Yalta*** You will need this to be prepared for tomorrow…

2. Tehran November 28, 1943 U.S., Britain, and USSR

3. Tehran November 28, 1943 U.S., Britain, Russia
First time the Big Three met together
Discussed military strategy
Open Second Front--D Day invasion
Simultaneous Third Front--Russian counter-attack (pincer movement)
Russian commitment to attack Japan after German defeat
Inconclusive regarding postwar Germany

4. By 1944, the Allies decided to open a Western Front by invading Nazi-occupied France
Operation Overlord (called D-Day) in June 1944 was the largest land & sea attack in history

5. Bretton Woods Conference July 1, 1944 44 Nations

6. Bretton Woods Economic Conference July 1, 1944 44 Nations
International monetary fund
Fixed exchange rate based on gold
International bank for reconstruction and development

7. Yalta February 4, 1945 U.S., Britain, Russia

8. Stalin agreed to send troops to help the U.S. invade Japan
In February 1945, the “Big Three” met at the Yalta Conference to create a plan for Europe after the war was over
Stalin agreed to send troops to help the U.S. invade Japan
They agreed to allow self-determination (free elections) in nations freed from Nazi rule
They agreed to occupy Germany after the war
They agreed to create & join a United Nations

9. Yalta February 4, 1945 U.S., Britain, Russia
Soviet Concessions
Allow free elections in Poland
Commitment to support war in Asia within 3 months of German surrender
Soviet Compensation
Russia allowed to determine Polish boundaries
Receive territory in Manchuria, Sakhalin Islands, Chinese ports
Proposed formation of United Nations
Established war crimes trials
Proposed division of Germany into four cooperative zones

10. Accomplished European stability. Division of Germany.
Prosecution of criminals
Poland.
UN.
USSR to help USA in war against Japan.

11. …and allowed the Allies to push towards Germany from the West
At the same time, the Soviet army pushed from the East
The Normandy invasion was deadly, but the Allied victory created a Western Front…
Forced to fight a two-front war, Hitler ordered a massive counter-attack at the Battle of the Bulge..but lost
By March 1945, the Allies were fighting in Germany & pushing towards Berlin

12. The bomb was constructed in a secret city in Oak Ridge, TN
In July 1945, the bomb was successfully tested at Los Alamos, New Mexico during Project Trinity
The bomb was constructed in a secret city in Oak Ridge, TN
Physicist Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago developed the nuclear reaction
Nuclear plant in Hanford, WA developed the plutonium
In April 1945, FDR died & his VP Harry Truman had to decide how to end the war in the Pacific

13. In 1945, Mussolini was captured & executed by the Italian resistance
American & British troops invaded Italy, took Sicily in 1943, seized Rome in 1944
The Allies defeated Germany at the Battle of El Alamein in 1942 & then pushed the Axis Powers out of Africa
When the USA entered WWII, Stalin wanted the Allies to open a Western Front & divide German army
Instead, Britain & USA agreed to fight the Axis Powers in North Africa (Stalin was angry )
In 1945, Mussolini was captured & executed by the Italian resistance

14. In April 1945, the Soviet army captured Berlin
On April 30, 1945, Hitler committed suicide
On May 9, 1945, the German government signed an unconditional surrender to the Allies
The world celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Europe)

15. As the Allies pushed into Germany & Poland, troops discovered & liberated concentration & death camps

16. Potsdam July 17, 1945 U.S., Britain, USSR

17. CRIMEA CONFERENCE, UKRAINE February 1945
Yalta Conference
CRIMEA CONFERENCE, UKRAINE
February 1945

19. Yalta Conference 6 Topics Discussed:
Want unconditional surrender of Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan)
League of Nations was ineffective—US, England, Russia, France, China should form United Nations (international organization to keep peace after war)

20. Yalta Conference Topics Discussed:
3. Russia would declare war on Japan (& help USA invade Japan) after Germany surrendered
4. Divide Austria, Germany & capital Berlin into 4 occupied zones (controlled US, England, France, & USSR)

22. Yalta Conference Topics Discussed:
5. Roosevelt & Churchill afraid Stalin would make Eastern Europe communist after war; wanted Self Determination (right to choose democracy or communist) for Eastern European Countries: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, & Bulgaria

23. Yalta Conference
6. Stalin agreed to self-determination if could have part of Poland; Poland—should have free elections

24. AGREEMENT AT YALTA
DIVIDE GERMANY INTO FOUR (4) ZONES TO BE OCCUPIED AFTER THE WAR BY:
BRITAIN
FRANCE
USA
USSR

25. WHAT ELSE DID WE AGREE TO?
ELECTIONS WILL BE HELD IN THE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE
GOVERNMENT OF POLAND WILL BE BOTH COMMUNIST & NON-COMMUNIST
SET UP THE UNITED NATIONS!!!!!

26. WHAT REALLY HAPPENED? STALIN NEVER HELD FREE ELECTIONS IN POLAND
FDR DIED ONLY TWO (2) MONTHS LATER
TRUMAN (NEXT PRESIDENT) WOULD ATTEND THE NEXT POST-WAR CONFERENCE
HITLER DIES APRIL 30
GERMANY SURRENDERS MAY 2, 1945

27. “The SOVIET UNION HAS BEOME A DANGER TO THE FREE WORLD.”
Churchill wrote this to Roosevelt after the Yalta Conference. The leaders of the three countries would meet one more time: Potsdam

28. Potsdam July 17, 1945 U.S., USSR, Britain
First conference to include Truman
Decided that Japan must surrender unconditionally or risk total destruction
Truman alludes to the atomic bomb
Established cooperative council to administer Germany
Promoted safe transfer and return of war refugees
Soviet declaration that there will be no free elections
The West considers this an act of betrayal
Beginning of the Cold War???

29. In July 1945, the Big Three met at the Potsdam Conference to discuss the end of WWII
Truman learned the atomic bomb was ready & issued the Potsdam Declaration to Japan: “surrender or face destruction”

30. After the second atomic bomb, Emperor Hirohito agreed to a surrender
When Japan refused to surrender, Truman ordered the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945
After 3 days, Japan did not surrender so a 2nd atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki
After the second atomic bomb, Emperor Hirohito agreed to a surrender

31. World War II was over

32. NATO April 4, 1949 12 Countries North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Considered the “Sword and Shield” of the United Nations
Intended as the military means by which to safeguard freedom, democracy, the rule of law, and individual human rights--under the control of the American military
United pro-Western countries to provide regional stability against the spread of Communism

33. Established as a counterbalance for NATO
The Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance Warsaw Pact May 12, communist nations
Established as a counterbalance for NATO
Unified Eastern European countries under Soviet leadership
Ensured integration of military, economic, and cultural policies
Furthered the Communist ideals

34. Potsdam Conference
Please go to my website and open the Potsdam reading…
Take critical reading notes.
SUGGESTION: READ FIRST! Then go to the questions & back to the reading if needed…
Use the template to answer the remaining questions

35. Potsdam Conference