1. SSWH20
The student will examine change and continuity in the world since the 1960s.

2. PAN-AFRICANISM:
Rise in nationalism in African nations after World War I
Emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent worldwide
Lead by Marcus Garvey; wanted an “Africa for Africans”
Demanded an end to colonial rule & opposed imperialism in Africa
Began African resistance to retake lands previously taken by Europeans

3. PAN-ARABISM
OIL
Began after World War I when it was discovered that oil was the fuel of the future
Nationalist movement built on shared heritage of Arabs who lived from the Arabian Peninsula to North Africa
Emphasized common history & language
Wanted to free Arabs from foreign domination & unite them in their own state

4. BOSNIA-HERZEGOVENIA CONFLICT:
1992: Bosnia declared independence from Yugoslavia
Civil war fought between Bosniaks, Serbs, & Croats
Bosnian Serbs wanted to set up their own government; received money from Serbia President (Slobodan Milosevic)
Largest ethnic group in Bosnia: Muslim Bosniaks; did not want country divided into ethnic regions
During civil war all groups committed atrocities
Bosnian Serbs conducted a campaign of ethnic cleansing; thousands of Croats & Bosniaks were killed
Croats launch an ethnic cleansing campaign to eliminate all Bosnian Serbs
1995: Dayton Accords, initiated by NATO, brings fragile peace

6. RWANDAN CONFLICT:
Power struggle that existed between 2 ethnic groups (Hutus & Tutsis) that developed after Rwanda gained independence
Hutus (majority)
Tutsis (had dominated Rwanda)
Both spoke same language, but had different traditions

7. RWANDAN CONFLICT:
1994: presidents of Rwanda suspiciously killed in a plane crash
Extreme Hutus told civilians to blame Tutsis
800,000 Tutsis & moderate Hutus were slaughtered (genocide)
World community slow to react

9. REASONS FOR DECLINE OF USSR:
Arms race
Not very modernized
Economy unstable
War in Afghanistan (1979)
Reforms (Khrushchev & Gorbachev)
High unemployment
After 69 years, Soviet Union collapsed (1991)

10. CHANGES IN EASTERN EUROPE:
Soviet Union had maintained control in Eastern Europe since 1945 (end of WWII)
With glasnot & perestroika, Eastern European countries began to speak out against Soviet Union
1991: The Soviet republics separated to form 12 independent nations

11. END OF SOVIET UNION:
Countries began to become independent after the Soviet Union collapsed & broke up
1. Russia (largest: most population & territory)
2. Kazakhstan
3. Ukraine
4.The Baltic States

12. KAZAKSTAN: Last Soviet republic to gain its independence
Under Soviet control, population declined 22% due to hunger/starvation & emigration
Stalin ordered poets, thinkers, & writers to all be slaughtered
Stalin repressed Kazakh identity & culture
Presently has moved away from Communist economy to market economy

13. UKRAINE: Ukrainian government suppressed by Soviet Union
Mass genocide of Ukrainians
Is currently a market economy
Has the second largest military
in Eastern Europe (after Russia)

14. THE BALTIC STATES: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0g6arFbKZ60
Those countries east of the Baltic
Sea
1. Estonia
2. Latvia
3. Lithuania
Repressions, executions, and
mass deportations
Set up precedent for other Soviet
republics to gain independence

15. TERRORISM:
The use of violence by groups of extremists to achieve political goals
Terrorists have bombed buildings, murdered civilians/police/soldiers, and assassinated political leaders
Positive: has led to greater international cooperation between governments in an effort to prevent further attacks

16. TERRORISM:
After Cold War ended, the weapons that were built still existed
Keeping nuclear, chemical,
biological weapons away from
dangerous groups has become an
important issue
*nuclear: atomic bomb
*chemical: mustard gas
*biological: germs released into air/water

17. TERRORIST GROUPS: SHINING PATH: RED BRIGRADE:
-located in Peru -used kidnappings, murder, & bombings to overthrow the nationalist government -finance operations with the sale of illegal drugs
communist group located in Italy -used violence in an attempt to gain power

18. TERRORIST GROUPS:
HAMAS:
-located in Palestine -practice terror to achieve goal of creating an independent Palestinian state -found support in areas of poverty in Palestinian refugee camps -trained suicide bombers to attack Israeli targets

19. TERRORIST GROUPS:
Al Qaeda (“the Base”): -Islamic terrorist organization -founder: Osama bin Laden (wealthy Saudi businessman) -1990’s: mobilized al Qaeda to expel US interests and military power in Saudi Arabia -global network that trains & finances terrorist activities -Sept. 11, 2001: al Qaeda hijacked 4 planes in the US (members were from Saudi Arabia; more than 2,500 Americans killed

20. IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON THE WORLD:
Governments began to question if they could keep their citizens safe
Travelling from country to country becomes stricter, with airports increasing its security

21. WOMEN:
For centuries, women have been treated differently than men, especially in positions of power
A global movement for women that focused the attention on the needs of women worldwide began to take place
The UN supported “equal rights for men & women”
1950: women had won the right to vote in most European countries as well as Japan, China, Brazil, and other countries

22. WOMEN:
Women began being voted into office and headed governments in Britain, Israel, India, Pakistan, & the Philippines
Women often times still receive less pay for the same job that a man does and must balance a career on top of child-rearing and housework
Men are still provided better
opportunities (ex: jobs, pay, education)

23. GOLDA MEIR: Israel’s first woman Prime Minister
World’s third woman to hold such an office
Promoted her ideas of peace in the Middle East
Helped initiate peace talks between Israel and Palestine; ended because of an Arab attack in 1973.
Prime Minister during the 1972 Munich Olympic massacres

24. INDIRA GHANDI:
Prime Minister of India ( ); only woman to hold this office
Voted greatest Prime Minister in a poll
Challenged traditions against women in her country (equal pay)
Assassinated Oct by her two bodyguards

25. MARGARET THATCHER: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYQhRCs9IHM
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( )
Died April 08, 2013
Known as the “Iron Lady”—uncompromising politics & leadership style
One of the most influential figures in modern history

26. Write 2 paragraphs about a woman in your lifetime, famous or not, that has been influential. Choose someone that is a good role model and who has strong characteristics that make her special.